Table 3 Laboratory findings

Armbuster et al.

NR

NR

NR

Yes: 5

Culture positive: 5

195,667 (NR)

S. aureus (2)

E. coli (1)

D. pneumoniae (1)

A. hydrophila (1)

Master et al.

NR

NR

NR

Yes: 8

Culture positive: 8

146,416 (NR)

S. aureus (4)

S. pneumoniae (1)

E. coli (1)

A. hydrophila (1)

Gelberman et al.

NR

NR

NR

Yes: 15

No:1

Culture positive: 16

100,678 (NR)

S. aureus (7) Group B S. (3) Aeromonas (2) E. coli (1) S. pneumoniae (1) Alpha Strep. (1) Coagulase-negative Staph. (1)

Leslie et al.

5500–14,100 (16)

25–120 (11)

NR

Yes: 18

Culture positive: 17 Culture negative: 1

NR

S. aureus (11) E. coli (3) S. pneumoniae (1) S. viridans (1)

P. mirabilis (1) M tuberculosis (1)

Pfeiffenberg et al.

11,860 (5/14)

62.4 (11/14)

NR

No: 14 (intraop)

Culture positive: 14

NR

S. aureus (9) S. epidermidis (3), Gram positive cocci (2), Gram negative cocci (1), S. haemolyticus (1), M tuberculosis (1)

Lossos et al.

11,050

95.2

NR

Yes: 6

Gram stain positive:1 Gram stain negative: 5 Culture positive: 6

NR

S. aureus (4) P. aeruginosa (1)

E. coli (1)

Wick et al.

NR

NR

4.67

Yes:11

Culture positive:11

NR

S. aureus (11)

Chanet et al.

9670

99.8

NR

Yes: 6

Culture positive: 6

NR

S. aureus (5) Polymicrobial (1)

Smith et al.

15,500

69

NR

Yes: 20

Gram stain positive: 11 Gram stain negative: 9 Culture positive: 17 Culture negative:3

114,000 (NR)

S. aureus (14) Polymicrobial (2) Gram positive bacillus (1)

Jeon et al.

NR

NR

NR

Yes: 19

Culture positive:13 Culture negative: 6

NR

MSSA (7) P. aeruginosa (3) Pneumococcus (1) Acinetobacter (1)

E. coli (1)

Duncan et al.

10,500

66

NR

Yes:19

Gram stain positive: 16 Gram stain negative: 3 Culture positive: 17 Culture negative: 2

NR

MSSA (5) MRSA (1) Group B S. (5) S. epidermidis (3) S. viridans (1) E. coli (1) P. bacterium (1)

Rhee et al.

12,700

41.5

9.5

Yes: 13

Culture positive: 10 Culture negative: 3

NR

MSSA (6)

MRSA (4)

Kirchhoff et al.

NR

NR

NR

Yes:25

Culture positive: 23 Culture negative: 2

> 30,000 (NR)

S. aureus (21)

S. pneumoniae (1)

E. coli (1)

Klinger et al.

NR

67 (45–142)

134 (76–213)

Yes: 23

Culture positive: 20 Culture negative: 3

NR

S. aureus (17)

MRSA (2)

S. epidermidis (3)

Matsuhashi et al.

12,666

NR

14.9

Yes: 10

Culture positive: 10

NR

S. aureus (6)

S. epidermidis (4)

Abdel et al.

13,000

66

83

Yes: 45 No: 5

Gram stain positive: 8 Gram stain negative: 42 Culture positive: 41 Culture negative:9

110,988 (87%)

MSSA (22) MRSA (10) Group B Streptococcus (9) S. viridans (1) S. epidermidis (1) Group C Streptococcus (1) Haemophilus (1) Pneumonococcus (1)

Garofalo et al.

12,000–14,000 (3/10)

58 (38–86)

128 (84–144)

Yes: 3 No: 7

Culture positive: 6 Culture negative: 4

NR

Coagulase-negative Staph. (2) S. epidermidis (2) P. aeruginosa (1) P. acnes (1)

Cho et al.

10,400

59.2

9.5

Yes: 34

Culture positive: 13 Culture negative: 21

NR

MSSA (7) MRSA (2) S. epidermidis (1) S. equi (1) Providencia (1) Burkholeria (1) P. aeruginosa (1) Candida (1)

Jung et al.

10,263

78.1

8.46

Yes: 68

Culture positive: 43

Culture negative: 25

NR

MSSA (16) MRSA (9)

Streptococcus spp. (6)

P. aeruginosa (4)

Enterococcus (4)

Other pathogens (4)

Sobreira et al.

NR

NR

NR

Yes: 8

Culture positive: 5

Culture negative: 3

NR

S. aureus (4)

E. coli (1)

Böhler et al.

11,300

NR

14.3

Yes: 59

Culture positive: 31 Culture negative: 28

NR

MSSA (18) MRSA (4) Streptococcus spp. (4) Other Staphylococcus spp. including S epidermidis (5) P. aeruginosa (2) Enterobacter (1)

Jiang et al.

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

MSSA 39% MRSA 21% Streptococcus 11% Gram negative 7% (in subgroup)

Kim et al.

Group s: 10,209 Group r: 12,200

Group s: 81.1 (0–28) Group r: 92.8

Group s: 129.3 Group r: 219.9

Yes: 42

Culture positive: 22 Culture negative: 20

NR

MRSA (6) MSSA (6) P. aeruginosa (3) S. marcescens (1) Streptococcus-unspecified (4) Enterobacter (2)

Sweet et al.

13,400

81.9

15.9

NR

Culture positive: 97

121,656 (92.6)

MSSA 37.1%, MRSA 25.7%, S. pneumoniae 5%, Group B Streptococcus 5%, Pseudomonas 5%

Gramlich et al.

NR

NR

NR

Yes: 29

Culture positive: 29

NR

S. aureus 47% S. epidermidis 27% P. acnes 13% Enterococcus spp. 3% Streptococcus spp. 3%

M. morganii 3% F. magna 3%

Lee et al.

Group 1: 12,380

Group2: 11,540

Group1:63.2

Group2:59.2

Group1: 7.86

Group2: 7.67

Group1: Yes: 27

Group2: Yes: 30

Group 1 Culture positive: 20 Culture negative: 7 Group 2 Culture positive: 22 Culture negative: 8

Group1: NR

Group2: NR

Group 1:

MSSA (8) MRSA (2)

S. epidermidis (6) Pseudomonas (2) Corynebacterium (2)

Group 2:

MSSA(10) MRSA (3)

S epidermidis (6) Pseudomonas (2) Corynebacterium (1)

Joo et al.

10,110

70

7.4

Yes: 97

Culture positive: 36 Culture negative: 61

100,600 (NR)

MRSA (22) MSSA (2) S. epidermidis (5)

E. coli (2)

S. agalactieae (2)

S. sanguis (1) Acinetobacter (1) Klebsiella (1)

Khazi et al.

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Kwon et al.

9390

60.3

9.23

Yes: 36

Culture positive: 15

Culture negative: 21

128,867 (88.30)

MSSA (6) MRSA (4)

S. epidermidis (1)

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (1)

S. pneumoniae (1) Serratia (1)

Group B Streptococcus (1)

Rhee et al.

12,600

63.5

7.54

Yes: 29 No:2

Culture positive: 24 Culture negative: 7

98,911 (NR)

MSSA (10) MRSA (4) S. epidermidis (6) MRSA

P. aeruginosa (2) Corynebacterium (2)

Takahasi et al.

Group 1: 11,590 Group 2: 9550

NR

Group1: 15.1 Group 2: 8.7

Yes: 22

Culture positive: 19 Culture negative: 3

NR

MSSA (10) MRSA (4)

Streptococcus spp. (4) P. aeruginosa (1)