Fig. 2

A male, 26 years old, non-union of left femur shaft for 23 months. A Displaced fracture of the left femoral shaft caused by a traffic accident. B Open reduction and internal fixation postoperatively. C Six months after the operation, the plate loosed. D The plate was re-fixed and bone grafted with autologous bone. E Six months after the second operation, the plate broke. F Intramedullary nail fixation and bone grafting with autologous bone. G Within 5 months after the third operation, the non-union site did not heal. And intramedullary nails dynamization was conducted with autologous bone grafting. H After the fourth operation, the non-union site still did not unite. I Intramedullary nail fixation. Due to the limited resources of the donor site, cortical allograft strut grafting was finally performed. J Allogeneic bone fusion and nonunion healing in 18 months after the final operation, and the shape was “biconvex.” The contralateral cortical site healed completely, and there was a creeping substitution between cortical allograft strut and femur. The periosteum of the femur has wholly crossed the strut