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Table 1 Demographic and medical characteristics between patients with and without PAP

From: Preoperative dynamic quantitative sensory testing in remote pain-free areas is associated with axial pain after posterior cervical spinal surgeries

 

Patients without PAP

Patients with PAP

Patients with CPAP^

Number of subjects

101

21

8

Age range (years)

58.5 ± 11.6

55.3 ± 7.0

52.8 ± 5.5#

BMI

24.1 ± 2.6

24.9 ± 2.9

25.6 ± 3.0

Gender (Male vs. Female)

79 vs. 22

14 vs. 7

3 vs. 5#

Disease duration (months)

14.1 ± 19.2

18.3 ± 19.9

21.4 ± 22.9

Preoperative radiographic measurement

 Cervical curvature (°)

13.3 ± 10.9

13.3 ± 11.6

15.1 ± 13.2

 C7 slope (°)

24.4 ± 7.9

22.8 ± 8.6

21.7 ± 9.9

 C2 SVA (mm)

19.1 ± 16.1

20.7 ± 16.0

22.0 ± 13.9

Main diagnosis (n/total cases (%))

 CSM

68/101 (67.3%)

10/21 (47.6%)

4/8 (50.0%)

 Cervical OPLL

33/101 (32.7%)

11/21 (52.4%)

4/8 (50.0%)

Surgical information:

 Operative time (min)

119.3 ± 20.0

127.7 ± 33.1

130.9 ± 35.9

 Intraoperative bleeding (ml)

266.3 ± 72.7

290.0 ± 73.4

314.9 ± 75.4

 Number of surgical segments

4.8 ± 0.6

4.9 ± 0.9

5.0 ± 1.1

 Laminoplasty (n/total cases (%))

88/101 (87.1%)

16/21 (76.2%)

6/8 (62.5%)

 Laminectomy (n/total cases (%))

13/101 (12.9%)

5/21 (23.8%)

2/8 (27.5%)

 Surgery involves C2 (n/total cases (%))

7/101 (6.9%)

8/21 (38.1%)*

3/8 (37.5%)#

 Surgery involves C7 (n/total cases (%))

69/101 (68.3%)

12/21 (57.1%)

5/8 (62.5%)

Complication (n/total cases (%))

 Dura defect

4/101 (4.0%)

1/21 (4.8%)

1/8(12.5%)

 Surgical site infection

5/101 (5.0%)

2/21 (9.5%)

0/8(0.0%)

 Nerve damage

5/101 (5.0%)

2/21 (9.5%)

1/8 (12.5%)

  1. Measurements are expressed as the mean ± SD
  2. SVA Sagittal vertical axis, CSM Cervical spondylotic myelopathy, OPLL Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, PAP Postoperative axial pain, CPAP Chronic postoperative axial pain, BMI Body mass index
  3. *Statistically significant differences between the non-PAP and PAP patient groups
  4. #Statistically significant differences between the non-PAP and CPAP patient groups
  5. ^Eight of 21 patients with PAP developed CPAP; thus, the measurements of patients with CPAP were included in the measurements of those with PAP