Vitamin D3 (n = 68) | Vitamin D3 + Calcium (n = 68) | Calcium (n = 75) | Placebo (n = 66) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 42 (11) | 41 (13) | 41 (13) | 41 (13) | 0.89 |
Gender, n (%) | |||||
female | 55 (78) | 55 (73) | 48 (73) | 48 (70) | 0.28 |
Smoking, n (%) | 0.945 | ||||
Yes | 8 (11) | 10 (13) | 7 (11) | 10 (15) | |
Occasionally | 5 (7) | 3 (4) | 2 (3) | 2 (3) | |
No | 55 (79) | 63 (82) | 55 (83) | 55 (80) | |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)a | 7 (10) | 10 (13) | 12 (18) | 17 (25) | 0.02 |
Hypertension, n (%)a | 8 (11) | 11 (15) | 9 (14) | 14 (20) | 0.14 |
Body mass index (BMI) | 29.3 (5) | 28.7 (5.5) | 29 (6) | 28.6 (5) | 0.99 |
Systolic blood pressure | 118 (8) | 120 (9) | 116 (10) | 122 (14) | 0.35 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 75 (6) | 79 (5) | 76 (6) | 77 (6) | 0.28 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 7 (10) | 8 (11) | 4 (6) | 14 (20) | 0.08 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.28 (0.1) | 2.29 (0.1) | 2.27 (0.1) | 2.27 (0.09) | 0.98 |
Vitamin D (ng/ml) | 22.8 (9) | 19.0 (11) | 25.4 (11) | 25.1 (11) | 0.58 |
Physical activity n (%) | 0.65 | ||||
Very active | 18 (25) | 17 (23) | 12 (18) | 8 (12) | |
Moderate | 41 (59) | 47 (62) | 37 (57) | 49 (72) | |
Not active | 11 (16) | 17 (22) | 16 (25) | 11 (16) | |
Body pains, n (%) | 0.97 | ||||
yes | 27 (38) | 23 (31) | 21 (32) | 26 (38) | |
no | 43 (62) | 52 (69) | 44 (67) | 42 (62) | |
General Health, n (%) | 0.99 | ||||
excellent | 6 (8) | 9 (12) | 6 (9) | 4 (6) | |
good | 58 (78) | 55 (71) | 52 (76) | 54 (76) | |
fair | 10 (14) | 9 (12) | 8 (12) | 8 (11) | |
poor | 0 (0) | 4 (5) | 2 (3) | 5 (7) |