Table 1 Modified Frankel grading system

Grade A: Complete: no motor or sensory function

Grade B: Sensory only: some sensation preserved, no motor function

 B1: Touch sensation remains in only sacral lesion

 B2: Touch sensation remains in lower extremity

 B3: Pain sensation remains in sacral lesion or lower extremity

Grade C: Motor useless: some sensory and motor function, but motor function not useful

 C1: Unable to flex the hip and knee from supine (Hip flexors 0–2)

 C2: Able to flex the hip and knee from supine (Hip flexors 3–5)

Grade D: Motor useful: sensory function preserved, motor function but useful

 D0: MMTs of lower extremity are 4–5, but because of an acute phase, it is impossible to test the walking ability

 D1: Able to walk with a walker, but not practiced, usually use a wheelchair

 D2: Independent gait with a cane

 D3: Independent gait without a cane

Grade E: Normal: normal sensory and motor function (hyperreflexia and numbness are permitted)