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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Efficacy of non-surgical management and functional outcomes of partial ACL tears. A systematic review of randomised trials

    

Participants (Control Group)

Participants (Intervention Group)

Intervention Details

Reference

RCT

Inclusion/Exclusion criteria

Diagnostic Criteria

N

Age (years): M (± SD), range

BMI (kg/m2)

Injury Characteristics

N

Age (years): M (± SD), range

BMI (kg/m2)

Injury Characteristics

Intervention

Buyukturan et al. [27]

single-blinded RCT

Inclusion: sedentary occupation or low activity level and had VAS scores < 3. Exclusion: participants with meniscus injuries, meniscus tears, chondral lesions, other ligament laxities, a grade IV injury based on the Lachman test, generalised laxity, and/or a BMI > 30 kg/cm2 were excluded from the study

Conducted by physician based on the patient histories, physical examinations, and diagnostic imaging

29 (15 females, 14 males)

24.7 (± 6.2) years

24.9 + -5.7

Dominant side R/L, 26/3; Involved dominant/Non-dominant, 22/7; Duration of the symptoms, 21.8 ± 4.8 months; Education status 13.7 ± 1.7 years

29 (13 females, 16 males)

26.1 (± 7.4) years

24.6 + -4.1

Dominant side R/L, 25/4; Involved dominant/Non-dominant, 20/9; Duration of the symptoms, 20.1 ± 8.6 months; Education status 14.2 ± 2.6 years

3 × 60 min sessions for 24 weeks of Tai Chi
-Yang style (10 forms) by experienced instructor (> 5 years’ experience)

Celik et al., [28]

single-blinded RCT

Inclusion: sedentary occupation or low activity level, required conservative care rather than surgery, and had VAS scores < 3. Exclusion: participants with meniscus injuries, meniscus tears, chondral lesions, other ligament laxities, a grade IV injury based on the Lachman test, a generalised laxity, and/or a BMI > 30 kg/cm2 were excluded from the study

Conducted by physician based on the patient histories, physical examinations, and diagnostic imaging

26 (24 females, 2 males)

25.9 (± 7.5) years,a 22–45 years

25.8 ± 4.2

Dominant side R/L, 20/6; Involved dominant/Non-dominant, 14/10; Duration of the symptoms, 6.2 ± 1.2 months

24 (22 females, 2 males)

25.2 (± 5.3) years, 20–43 years

25.5 ± 5.1

Dominant side R/L, 20/4; Involved dominant/Non-dominant, 16/8; Duration of the symptoms, 5.4 ± 2.4 months

3 × 60-min Pilates classes per week for 6 weeks run by a trained physical therapist. Home programme was given to participants to engage in after the initial 6 weeks until the end of the study

  1. aAges reported in table, note this is different to the ages reported in the body of the text of the article. Values expressed as mean ± SD, M mean, SD standard deviation