Effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for back care and the prevention of non-specific low back pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Results of the weighted ANOVAs for the behaviour measures in the posttest, taking qualitative moderator variables as independent variables

Variable	k	d₊	95% CI		ANOVA results
Variable	k	d₊	LL	LU	ANOVA results
Type of treatment:
Postural Hygiene (PH)	3	1.267	0.221	2.314	F(1,7) = 0.040, p = .847
PH + Physical exercise (PE)	6	1.157	0.374	1.940	F(1,7) = 0.040, p = .847
Age:
Adolescent	3	0.728	-0.232	1.689	F(1,7) = 1.882, p = .212
Children	6	1.409	0.735	2.083	F(1,7) = 1.882, p = .212
Teaching method of PH:
Theoretical (TT)	2	0.598	-0.540	1.736	F(1,7) = 1.941, p = .206
TT + Practical	7	1.364	0.735	1.993	F(1,7) = 1.941, p = .206
Type of behaviour:
Schoolbag weight (SW)	5	1.118	0.199	2.036	F(1,7) = 0.078, p = .788
Healthy back habits (HBH)	4	1.266	0.412	2.120	F(1,7) = 0.078, p = .788
Risk of bias:
High	3	1.602	0.549	2.654	F(1,7) = 1.216, p = .306
Some concerns	6	1.014	0.324	1.705	F(1,7) = 1.216, p = .306

k number of studies, d₊mean coefficient alpha, LL and LU lower and upper 95% confidence limits for d₊, F Knapp-Hartung’s statistic for testing the significance of the moderator variable

ISSN: 1471-2474