Skip to main content

Table 1 Adjusted mean changes over time in participants with knee pain at baseline [CCI T2D versus UC T2D]

From: Continuous care intervention with carbohydrate restriction improves physical function of the knees among patients with type 2 diabetes: a non-randomized study

 

Baseline Mean (95% CI)

n

1 year Mean (95% CI),

n

Change from baseline (95% CI)

2 years Mean (95% CI)

n

Change from baseline (95% CI)

Total KOOS

 CCI

69.4 (66.6, 72.2)

141

79.3 (76.7,81.9)

111

9.9 (6.9, 12.5) ***

79.4 (76.7, 82.0)

103

10.0 (7.4,13.5) ***

 Usual Care

64.7 (60.2, 69.2)

50

65.2 (60.9, 69.4)

57

0.5 (−4.1, 5.0)

61.0 (56.7, 65.2)

37

−3.7 (−8.7, 0.9)

 CCI vs. UC

4.6 (− 0.7, 10.0)

 

14.1 (9.1, 19.1) ***

  

18.4 (13.4, 23.5) ***

  

KOOS Symptoms

 CCI

72.8 (69.9, 75.6)

152

79.8 (77.1, 82.6)

115

7.0 (4.1, 9.8) ***

80.3 (77.2, 83.5)

107

7.5 (4.4, 10.7) ***

 Usual Care

71.2 (66.2, 76.3)

51

70.2 (65.0, 75.4)

57

−1.0 (−5.7, 3.5)

65.8 (59.0, 72.7)

38

−5.4 (−0.0, − 10.9)

 CCI vs. UC

1.6 (−3.5, 7.0)

 

9.6 (3.3, 13.1) ***

  

14.5 (10.0, 21.6) ***

  

KOOS Pain

 CCI

74.7 (71.9, 77.5)

149

83.5 (80.6, 86.3)

112

8.7 (5.7, 11.8) ***

84.0 (80.7, 87.2)

107

9.3 (6.0, 12.6) ***

 Usual Care

68.6 (63.9, 73.4)

52

67.4 (63.0, 71.7)

57

−1.2 (−6.3, 3.6)

67.5 (60.9, 74.0)

39

−1.1 (− 6.7, 3.3)

 CCI vs. UC

6.1 (0.6, 11.3)

 

16.1 (11.2, 21.4) ***

  

16.5 (13.1, 23.5) ***

  

KOOS Activities of Daily Living

 CCI

78.9 (76.1, 81.7)

151

87.1 (84.6, 89.5)

115

8.2 (5.4, 11.2) ***

87.4 (84.5, 90.2)

107

8.5 (5.2, 11.8) ***

 Usual Care

71.9 (67.2, 76.5)

52

70.9 (67.1, 74.7)

57

−1.0 (−5.2, 3.5)

64.5 (59.8, 69.3)

39

−7.4 (−12.9, − 1.9) **

 CCI vs. UC

7.0 (1.8, 12.3) **

 

16.2 (12.0, 21.0) ***

  

22.9 (17.9, 28.7) ***

  

KOOS Sport and Recs

 CCI

58.9 (54.2, 63.7)

143

73.1 (68.7, 77.5)

114

14.2 (9.2, 19.4). ***

71.7 (66.4, 77.1)

103

12.6 (6.7, 19.1) ***

 Usual Care

60.8 (53.2, 68.4)

51

61.4 (54.6, 68.1)

57

0.6 (−7.0, 8.6)

54.9 (46.3, 63.5)

38

−5.9 (− 14.3, 3.1)

 CCI vs. UC

−1.9 (− 10.3, 6.6)

 

11.7 (3.2, 19.6) **

  

16.8 (7.7, 25.9) ***

  

KOOS Quality of Life

 CCI

61.7 (57.9, 65.5)

150

73.0 (69.1, 76.9)

115

11.3 (7.4, 15.3) ***

73.6 (69.6, 77.6)

106

11.9 (8.3, 15.9) ***

 Usual Care

50.9 (44.3, 57.4)

52

55.9 (49.9, 61.8)

57

5.0 (−1.4, 10.1)

52.1 (44.7, 59.5)

39

1.2 (−5.2, 7.8)

 CCI vs. UC

10.8 (4.1, 18.6) **

 

17.1 (10.6, 24.7) ***

  

21.5 (14.9, 27.9) ***

  
  1. Note. Ns for the final analysis in continuous care intervention =173 and for usual care = 69. In the table “n” represents those with available data at each time points; any missing data at each assessment timepoints were multiple imputed 50 times. Unless otherwise noted, estimates reported were obtained from linear mixed-effects models which provide adjusted means and mean changes, controlling for baseline age, sex, race, body mass index, and insulin use for each imputed dataset. The final estimates were pooled using Rubin’s rules resulting in an intent-to-treat analysis. A significance level of P < 0.008 ensures overall simultaneous significance of P < 0.05 over the 6 variables using Bonferroni correction
  2. Abbreviations: T2D type 2 diabetes, CI confidence interval, CCI continuous care intervention, UC usual care, KOOS knee osteoarthritis outcome scores
  3. ***p < 0.001
  4. **p < 0.01
Back to article page

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

Contact us