Item | Excellent | Good | Fair | Poor | Failure | P value |
|---|
Bone results |
 HEF | 25 | 5 | 1 | 0 | – | 0.503 |
 MEF | 16 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – |
Functional results |
 HEF | 16 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.858 |
 MEF | 13 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
- ASAMI Criteria:
- Bone results
- Excellent: Union, no infection, deformity < 7°, limb length discrepancy (LLD) < 2.5 cm
- Good: Union plus any two of the following: absence of infection, deformity < 7°, LLD < 2.5 cm
- Fair: Union plus any one of the following: absence of infection, deformity < 7°, LLD < 2.5 cm
- Poor: Nonunion/refracture/union plus infection plus deformity > 7° plus LLD > 2.5 cm
- Functional results
- Excellent: Active, no limp, minimum stiffness (loss of < 15°knee extension/< 15°ankle dorsiflexion) no reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), insignificant pain
- Good: Active, with one or two of the following: limb, stiffness, RSD, significant pain
- Fair: Active, with three or all of the following: limb, stiffness, RSD, significant pain
- Poor: Inactive (unemployment or inability to return to daily activities because of injury)
- Failure: Amputation
- HEF hexapod external fixator, MEF monolateral external fixator
