Fig. 4

Thirty-four-year-old man with highly downward-migrated LDH, whose complaint was low back and left lower limb pain. The full-endoscopic foraminoplasty was performed. a Preoperative sagittal and axial T2 MRI showing a highly down-migrated disc from L5 to S1. b The needle tip located at the exterior margin and tip of the superior articular process. c The working cannula located at the exterior margin and tip of the superior articular process. d The ventral superior articular process was partially resected using the endoscopic trephine. e Thorough decompression was obtained. f Postoperative sagittal and axial T2 MRI showing successful surgical removal of the downward migrated fragments