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Fig. 3 | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Fig. 3

From: Full-endoscopic foraminoplasty for highly down-migrated lumbar disc herniation

Fig. 3

Surgical procedures of highly downward-migrated disc removal. a Placement of the endoscopic trephine; b The ventral superior articular process was partially resected using the endoscopic trephine; c The working cannula was directed downward to create an angle of a cranial-to-caudal approach; d The endoscopic forceps were scrupulously used to remove high grade down-migrated mass

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