Table 4 Univariate and multivariate association between knee osteoarthritis and risk factors (n = 134)

 18 to 37 (1)

Reference

Reference

 38 to 57 (2)

8.9 (4.9–16.3)*

8.9 (4.8–16.5)*

 58 and above (3)

11.7 (6.1–22.3)*

13.9 (6.9–28.0)*

 Men (1)

Reference

Reference

 Women (2)

1.2 (0.8–1.7)

0.8 (0.3–1.9)

 Service/ Business (1)

Reference

Reference

 Homemakers (2)

1.4 (0.9–2.4)

2.4 (0.9–6.4)

 Laborious job (3)^b

0.9 (0.5–1.6)

0.9 (0.5–1.7)

 Urban (1)

Reference

Reference

 Rural (2)

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

0.7 (0.5–1.1)

 Secondary or above (1) (≥ 6)

Reference

Reference

 Primary or less (2) (0–5)

2.0 (1.4–2.9)*

1.7 (1.0–2.7)**

 3rd (1)

Reference

Reference

 2nd (2)

1.0 (0.5–1.9)

1.3 (0.6–2.6)

 1st (3)

0.9 (0.4–1.7)

1.0 (0.4–2.3)

 Never (1)

Reference

Reference

 Ever (2)

1.5 (1.0–2.1)**

1.2 (0.8–1.9)

 Nonstrenuous (1) (Quartiles 1–3)

Reference

Reference

 Strenuous (2) (Quartile 4)^e

0.6 (0.4–1.1)

0.8 (0.4–1.5)

 BMI < 25 Kg/m2 (1)^f

Reference

Reference

 BMI > = 25 Kg/m2 (2)

1.7 (1.2–2.5)*

1.9 (1.2–2.9)*

 Non-diabetic (1)

Reference

Reference

 Diabetic (2)

2.6 (1.5–4.4)*

1.5 (0.8–2.8)

 No (1)

Reference

Reference

 Yes (2)

1.5 (0.9–2.5)

1.5 (0.8–2.6)