Knee varus alters three-dimensional ankle alignment in standing- a study with upright computed tomography

Table 2 Comparison of knee joint, talocrural joint, and subtalar joint in each grade of knee OA

	Plane	KL-I	KL-II	KL-III	KL-IV	P value
Knee Joint	Sagittal	−2.32 ± 3.06	1.48 ± 2.52	7.49 ± 7.97	10.22 ± 4.32	.0001**
	Coronal	2.78 ± 2.55	5.26 ± 3.43	8.15 ± 5.17	12.66 ± 5.55	.0001**
	Axial	11.56 ± 3.29	8.10 ± 5.04	3.60 ± 5.77	4.24 ± 8.65	.012*
Talocrural Joint	Sagittal	31.95 ± 7.91	26.86 ± 10.76	19.23 ± 8.89	23.26 ± 9.49	.018*
	Coronal	9.86 ± 7.11	10.19 ± 7.42	7.01 ± 4.51	6.78 ± 5.45	.392
	Axial	5.32 ± 8.98	4.40 ± 14.31	6.65 ± 7.16	10.26 ± 11.31	.574
Subtalar Joint	Sagittal	32.49 ± 8.05	33.32 ± 10.36	27.77 ± 9.66	31.20 ± 9.37	.516
	Coronal	−5.34 ± 5.13	− 6.94 ± 6.69	−7.96 ± 9.23	−6.09 ± 12.55	.875
	Axial	−23.40 ± 3.88	−22.88 ± 3.80	−25.05 ± 6.66	12.66 ± 5.55	.118

KL-I; Slight osteophyte or subchondral osteosclerosis without narrowing of the articular cleft
KL-II; Narrowing of the articular cleft (0–25%)
KL-III; Narrowing of the articular cleft (25–75%), obvious formation of osteophytes, and sclerosis of the subchondral bone
KL-IV; Narrowing of the articular cleft (over 75%), and significant bone changes
Data are presented as one-way analysis of variance (P value)
* Indicates significance at P < 0.05
** Indicates significance at P < 0.005
The angle of the knee joint differed depending on the KL-grade. The angle of the talocrural joint in the sagittal plane differed depending on the KL-grade. There were no differences in the movements of other joints

ISSN: 1471-2474