Table 2 Differences in gait parameters between Fallers and Non-Fallers. P value represents statistical significance of difference between groups derived from Unpaired two-tailed t-test, Welch’s corrected t-tests*, or Mann Whitney U tests**. WORM calculated as average distance (cm) per metre (mean/m) and per second (mean/s) of walking
Fallers | Non-Fallers | Between Group Differences (Fallers – Non-Fallers) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean + SD | Mean / Median Difference | 95% Confidence Interval | Difference (%) | P | ||
Spatial Gait Metrics | ||||||
Gait Velocity (m/s) | 0.637 + 0.261 | 1.13 + 0.252 | −0.489 | −0.674 to − 0.304 | −43% | < 0.001 |
Step Length (cm) | 45.3 + 13.6 | 62.0 + 13.7 | −16.8 | −26.6 to −6.90 | −27% | 0.002 |
Rhythm/Temporal Gait Metrics | ||||||
Cadence (steps/min) | 84.5 + 14.3 | 109 + 7.57 | −24.8 | −33.2 to −16.5 | −23% | < 0.001* |
Step Time (ms) | 757 + 139 | 554 + 38.7 | 203 | 127 to 279 | + 37% | < 0.001* |
Gait Asymmetry | ||||||
Step Time Asymmetry (ms) | 191 + 108 | 47.1 + 26.6 | 144 | 85.3 to 202 | + 305% | < 0.001* |
Step Length Asymmetry (cm) | 13.4 + 8.65 | 8.10 + 3.42 | 2.8 | −0.304 to 7.23 | + 65% | 0.080** |
Gait Variability | ||||||
Gait Velocity Variation (CV%) | 15.2 + 7.01 | 7.09 + 2.17 | 8.08 | 4.09 to 12.1 | + 114% | 0.001 |
Step Time Variation (CV%) | 18.9 + 8.63 | 7.53 + 3.71 | 11.3 | 6.26 to 16.4 | + 150% | 0.001 |
Step Length Variation (CV%) | 23.9 + 14.6 | 10.5 + 4.52 | 13.4 | 5.11 to 21.7 | + 128% | 0.003 |
Gait Stability | ||||||
WORM | 3.64 ± 3.90 | 0.211 ± 0.171 | 2.49 | 1.01 to 3.61 | + 1179% | < 0.001** |