Dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine for erector spinae plane block after posterior lumbar spine surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Table 4 APS-POQ-R questionnaire results 24 h after ESPB

	Groups		P-value
	Ropivacaine (n = 60)	Ropivacaine + Dex (n = 60)	P-value
Pain intensity
least pain	2.00 (1.00–2.00)	2.00 (1.00–2.00)	0.665
worst pain	7.00 (6.00–7.00)	6.00 (6.00–7.00)	0.034*
average pain	5.00 (4.00–5.00)	4.00 (4.00–5.00)	0.021*
% of time in severe pain in the first 24 h	20.00 (10.00–30.00)	20.00 (10.00–20.00)	0.015*
% of pain relief in the first 24 h	70.00 (60.00–70.00)	70.00 (70.00–80.00)	0.042*
Pain interfered or prevented activities
in bed	6.00 (5.00–6.75)	5.00 (5.00–6.00)	0.042*
out of bed	7.00 (7.00–8.00)	7.00 (6.00–7.00)	0.061
Pain interfered or prevented sleep
falling asleep	3.00 (2.00–4.00)	3.00 (2.00–3.00)	0.026*
staying asleep	3.00 (3.00–4.00)	3.00 (2.00–3.00)	0.020*
Pain caused you to feel
anxious	2.00 (1.00–3.00)	1.00 (0.00–2.00)	0.096
depressed	0.00 (0.00–1.00)	0.00 (0.00–1.00)	0.641
Side effects
nausea	3.00 (2.00–4.00)	3.00 (2.00–4.00)	0.657
drowsiness	0.00 (0.00–1.00)	0.00 (0.00–1.00)	0.832
Patient perception of their pain management
participation in pain management	8.00 (8.00–9.00)	9.00 (8.00–10.00)	0.553
satisfaction with pain management	8.00 (7.00–9.00)	8.00 (8.00–9.00)	0.011*

Data were presented as median (interquartile range). Compared with the control group, *P < 0.05

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