Table 1 Characteristics of all included researches
Research | Country | Study design | Age at the time of surgery (years) | Classification of deformity | Gender (Male/Female) | Type of surgery | Location of surgery | Amount of lengthening (cm) | Rate of lengthening (mm/day) | Lengthening technique | Last follow-up time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hamdy et al., 2009 [2] | Canada and United states | Randomized, double blinded, controlled trial | BoNT: 12.1 (4.5), control: 14 (3.4) | Congenital/acquired deformity; BoNT: 25/6, control: 18/3 | BoNT: 20/11, control: 17/4 | Lengthening / Angular correction and/or lengthening / Clubfoot correction; BoNT: 17/8/6, control: 8/10/3 | Femur/tibia /foot; BoNT: 6/19/6, control: 8/9/4 | BoNT: 5.9 (2.3), control: 4.1 (1.9) | NR | distraction with a fixator (either circular or uniplanar) | 3 months post-frame removal |
Lee et al., 2014 [15] | Republic of Korea | Randomized, double blinded, controlled trial | 23 (range: 16–35) | NR | 31/5 | Bilateral tibial lengthening for familial short stature | Tibia | BoNT: 6.4 (range: 4.5–8.1), control: 6.4 (range: 4.3–8.1) | BoNT: 0.69 (range: 0.5–0.96), control: 0.68 (range: 0.51–0.97) | LATN or LON | Mean: 30 months (range: 24–39) |
Hamdy et al., 2016 [16] | Canada and United states | Randomized, double blinded, controlled trial | BoNT: 11.8 (3.3), control: 13.3 (4.0) | Congenital/acquired deformity; BoNT: 47/12, control: 44/18 | BoNT: 30/32, control: 42/21 | Lengthening / deformity correction / deformity correction and lengthening; BoNT: 28/10/24, control: 38/5/20 | Femur / tibia / foot / tibia and foot; BoNT: 18/35/7/2, control: 29/30/2/2 | BoNT: 4 (1.9), control: 4.4 (1.6) | NR | distraction with a fixator (either circular or uniplanar) | 3 months post-frame removal |
Park et al., 2016 [17] | Republic of Korea | Randomized, double blinded, controlled trial | 26 (8) | NR | 35/9 | Bilateral femoral lengthening for familial short stature | Femur | BoNT: 5.4 (0.6), control: 5.5 (0.6) | BoNT: 1.28 (0.14), control: 1.27 (0.12) | Intramedullary lengthening nails | Mean: 26 months (8, range: 14–40) |