Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Participants Included in the Analysis
| Â | Baseline KOA and the Subsequent Risk of DS | Baseline DS and the Subsequent Risk of KOA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without KOA at baseline | With KOA at baseline | P | Without DS at baseline | With DS at baseline | P | ||
(n = 2402) | (n = 180) | (n = 2763) | (n = 1530) | ||||
Sex | Male (%) | 1377 (57.33) | 88 (48.89) | 0.028 | 1571 (56.86) | 675 (44.12) | < 0.001 |
Female (%) | 1025 (42.67) | 92 (51.11) | Â | 1192 (43.14) | 855 (55.88) | Â | |
Age [mean (SD), years] | 60.00 (0.20) | 60.55 (0.70) | 0.46 | 59.31 (0.18) | 60.12 (0.25) | 0.008 | |
Education | Primary school and below (%) | 1507 (62.74) | 134 (74.44) | 0.003 | 1748 (63.26) | 1181 (77.19) | < 0.001 |
Middle/high/vocational school (%) | 847 (35.26) | 46 (25.56) | Â | 962 (34.82) | 341 (22.29) | Â | |
Associate degree and above (%) | 48 (2.00) | 0 (0.00) | 53 (1.92) | 8 (0.52) | |||
Marital status | Unmarried (%) | 392 (16.32) | 25 (13.89) | 0.39 | 573 (20.47) | 472 (30.85) | < 0.001 |
Married (%) | 2010 (83.68) | 155 (86.11) | Â | 2190 (79.26) | 1058 (69.15) | Â | |
Yearly income | Under average level (%) | 1346 (56.04) | 120 (66.67) | 0.005 | 1522 (56.17) | 980 (64.05) | < 0.001 |
Average and above (%) | 1056 (43.96) | 60 (33.33) | Â | 1211 (43.83) | 550 (35.95) | Â | |
Residence | Rural (%) | 1919 (79.89) | 157 (87.22) | 0.017 | 2229 (80.67) | 1337 (87.39) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Urban (%) | 483 (20.11) | 23 (12.78) | Â | 534 (19.33) | 193 (12.61) | Â |
Smoke | Current smoker (%) | 852 (35.47) | 61 (33.89) | 0.83 | 978 (35.40) | 451 (29.48) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Previous smoker (%) | 244 (10.16) | 17 (9.44) | Â | 283 (10.24) | 140 (9.15) | Â |
Never smoked (%) | 1306 (54.37) | 102 (56.67) | 1502 (54.36) | 939 (61.37) | |||
Drink | No (%) | 1477 (61.49) | 117 (65.00) | 0.35 | 1699 (61.49) | 1102 (72.03) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Yes (%) | 925 (38.51) | 63 (35.00) | Â | 1064 (38.51) | 428 (27.97) | Â |
Length of sleep [mean (SD), hours] | 6.71 (0.03) | 6.31 (0.15) | 0.003 | 6.71 (0.03) | 5.85 (0.05) | < 0.001 | |
Physical activity (SD) | 60.31 (2.09) | 71.28 (8.59) | 0.17 | 62.94 (2.00) | 61.52 (2.75) | 0.68 | |
Whole health status score (SD) | 3.31 (0.02) | 2.67 (0.05) | < 0.001 | 3.25 (0.02) | 3.84 (0.02) | < 0.001 | |
Childhood health status score (SD) | 3.34 (0.02) | 3.13 (0.09) | 0.011 | 3.33 (0.02) | 3.16 (0.03) | < 0.001 | |
BMI | < 18.5 kg / m2 (%) | 132 (5.50) | 10 (5.56) | 0.025 | 145 (5.25) | 151 (9.87) | < 0.001 |
18.5–23.9 kg / m2 (%) | 1266 (52.71) | 76 (42.22) |  | 1443 (52.23) | 847 (55.36) |  | |
24–27.9 kg / m2 (%) | 718 (29.89) | 62 (34.44) | 842 (30.47) | 386 (25.23) | |||
≥28 kg / m2 (%) | 286 (11.91) | 32 (17.78) | 333 (12.05) | 146 (9.54) | |||
Number of difficulties in ADL (SD) | 1.23 (0.04) | 3.56 (0.19) | < 0.001 | 1.40 (0.04) | 2.98 (0.07) | < 0.001 | |
Number of difficulties in IADL (SD) | 0.16 (0.01) | 0.47 (0.07) | < 0.001 | 0.17 (0.01) | 0.58 (0.03) | < 0.001 | |
Number of non-communicable diseases (SD) | 1.02 (0.02) | 2.63 (0.11) | < 0.001 | 1.12 (0.02) | 1.60 (0.04) | < 0.001 | |
With major accidental injury (%) | 185 (7.70) | 28 (15.56) | < 0.001 | 225 (8.14) | 171 (11.18) | 0.001 | |
CRP | ≤3 mg/l (%) | 1976 (82.26) | 144 (80.00) | 0.45 | 2263 (81.90) | 1233 (80.59) | 0.29 |
> 3 mg/l (%) | 426 (17.74) | 36 (20.00) |  | 500 (18.10) | 297 (19.41) |  | |