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Table 1 Demographic data and characteristics of the subjects in this study

From: Associations between serum biomarkers of cartilage metabolism and serum hyaluronic acid, with risk factors, pain categories, and disease severity in knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study

Variable

Healthy

EOA

LOA

Total

Mild a

Severe b

n (%)

38

44

130

35

95

Men

15 (39.5)

13 (29.5)

32 (24.6)

3 (8.6)

29 (30.5)

Women

23 (60.5)

31 (70.5)

98 (75.4)

32 (91.4)

66 (69.5)

Age, years (range)

50.7 ± 6.3* (39–62)

52.4 ± 5.6# (42–65)

70.3 ± 8.3 (50–85)

68.1 ± 8.66 (50–81)

71.1 ± 8.0 (50–85)

BMI, kg/m2 (Range)

28.30 ± 2.67 (25.04–35.83)

27.02 ± 4.27 §,‡ (18.62–38.83)

29.98 ± 4.69 (20.78–46.88)

28.73 ± 4.59 (20.90–40.00)

30.44 ± 4.67 (20.78–46.88)

Family history of OA, n (%)

 Yes

26 (68.4)

34 (77.3)

78 (60.0)

25 (71.4)

53 (55.8)

 No

12 (31.6)

8 (18.2)

50 (38.5)

10 (28.5)

40 (42.1)

 I do not know

0

2 (4.5)

2 (1.5)

0

2 (2.1)

Occupational risk, n (%)

16 (42.1)

25 (56.8)

34 (26.2)

4 (11.4)

30 (31.6)

Previous knee injury, n (%)

15 (39.5)

19 (43.2)

29 (22.3)

10 (28.6)

19 (20.0)

Left Knee

 Pain at rest (0–10)

–

2.3 ± 1.5 (0–8)

4.6 ± 2.3 (0–9)

4.2 ± 2.0 (0–8)

4.8 ± 2.9 (0–9)

 Pain at walking (0–10)

–

3.6 ± 2.4 (0–10)

6.0 ± 2.3 (0–10)

5.8 ± 1.9 (1–9)

6.0 ± 2.4 (0–10)

KL grade, n (%)

 0

38 (100)

42 (95.5)

–

–

–

 1

–

2 (4.5)

4 (3.1)

0

4 (4.2)

 2

–

–

42 (32.3)

35 (100.0)

7 (7.4)

 3

–

–

78 (60.0)

–

78 (82.1)

 4

–

–

6 (4.6)

–

6 (6.3)

Right Knee

 Pain at rest (0–10)

–

2.9 ± 2.7 (0–8)

4.6 ± 2.2 (0–9)

3.9 ± 2.2 (0–8)

4.8 ± 2.3 (0–9)

 Pain at walking (0–10)

–

4.1 ± 1.8 (0–10)

6.0 ± 2.3 (0–10)

5.4 ± 2.6 (0–10)

6.2 ± 2.2 (0–9)

KL grade, n (%)

 0

38 (100)

38 (86.4)

–

–

–

 1

–

6 (13.6)

10 (7.7)

1 (2.9)

9 (9.5)

 2

–

–

38 (29.2)

34 (97.1)

4 (4.2)

 3

–

–

73 (56.2)

–

73 (76.8)

 4

–

–

9 (6.9)

–

9 (9.5)

  1. Except where indicated, data are presented as mean ± standard deviation
  2. BMI Body mass index, OA Osteoarthritis, EOA Early OA, LOA Late OA, KL Kellgren and Lawrence grade
  3. aMild-LOA: KL of 2 in at least one knee; b Severe-LOA: KL of 3 or 4 in at least one knee
  4. Differences among groups were compared by analysis of variance or Student’s t-test
  5. *p < 0.0001: healthy group vs i) Total-LOA, ii) LOA-mild, and iii) LOA-severe OA groups
  6. # p < 0.0001: EOA group vs i) LOA, ii) mild, and iii) severe OA groups
  7. § p < 0.01: EOA group vs LOA group
  8. ‡ p < 0.001: EOA group vs Severe group