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Table 2 The baseline characteristics of enrolled participants

From: Talonavicular joint mobilization and foot core strengthening in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a single-blind, three-armed randomized controlled trial

Variables

TJM (n = 16)

FCS (n = 16)

Blended Intervention (n = 16)

χ2/F

p-values

Age (Year)

21.38 ± 1.82

21.81 ± 2.29

22.69 ± 2.77

1.320

.277a

Sex, female, N (%)

10 (63)

9 (56)

8 (50)

.508

.776b

Height (cm)

174.48 ± 8.46

164.75 ± 9.97

178.97 ± 8.03

.894

.416a

Weight (kg)

65.38 ± 12.22

63.13 ± 13.07

68.27 ± 10.35

.216

.806a

BMI (kg/m2)

24.07 ± 2.59

23.30 ± 3.87

23.91 ± 2.26

.317

.682a

Foot size (mm)

262.81 ± 15.05

250.00 ± 20.41

266.43 ± 16.73

.386

.872a

Affected side, left, N (%)

9 (56)

8 (50)

8 (50)

.167

.920b

  1. Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated, BMI Body Mass Index, FCS Foot Core Strengthening, TJM Talonavicular Joint Mobilization
  2. aIndependent-samples t-tests. There were no differences between groups (p > 0.05)
  3. bChi-square tests. There were no differences between groups (p > 0.05)