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Fig. 1 | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Fig. 1

From: Talonavicular joint mobilization and foot core strengthening in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a single-blind, three-armed randomized controlled trial

Fig. 1

Dynamic valgus index (DVI). The DVI is calculated as the sum of the frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) of the knee joint and the hip FPPA. A Hip FPPA: 90° minus the angle (α) between the pelvic part (the line connecting both anterior superior iliac spine [ASIS]) and the thigh (the line connecting the midpoint of the patella at the ASIS). B Knee FPPA: 180° minus the angle (β) between the thigh and the shin (the line connecting the midpoint of the patella and the midpoint of the ankle)

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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

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