Table 9 Outcome Summary for Temporal Variables
From: Head kinematics in patients with neck pain compared to asymptomatic controls: a systematic review
Movement Time | |||||
Summary of findings for NP/ INP: • Increased movement time in NP/ INP patients compared to healthy controls • Level of evidence: strong Summary of findings for WAD: • Inconsistent findings on movement time in WAD patients compared to healthy controls • Level of evidence: conflicting | |||||
Publication | Sample | Task | Task specifications | Results compared to C | Risk of Bias |
Ernst et al. [60] | INP 25 WAD 13 C 38 | Head aiming; Tracking | Speed: Self-preferred Tracking Path: Predictable Patterns: Figure of eight (F8), Zig Zag (ZZ) | Increased in INP No significant differences in WAD | low |
Sarig Bahat et al. [75] | INP 12 WAD 8 C 20 | Head aiming; Tracking | Speed: Self-preferred Tracking Path: Predictable Pattern: Zig Zag (ZZ) | Increased in INP No significant differences in WAD | low |
Descarreaux et al. [58] | INP 19 C 20 | Head aiming; Pointing | Speed: As fast as possible Target: Predictable Direction: ROT | Increased in INP | moderate |
Gadotti et al. [61] | WAD 5 C 15 | Head aiming; Pointing | Speed: As fast as possible Target: Unpredictable Direction: ROT | Increased in WAD | moderate |
Yang et al. [82] | NP 18 C 18 | Unconstrained | Speed: Self-preferred Direction: Circumduction | Increased in NP | high |
Zhou et al. [83] | NP 28 C 23 | Unconstrained | Speed: Self-preferred Direction: Circumduction | Increased in NP | high |
Reaction Time | |||||
Summary of findings for NP: • No differences on reaction time in NP patients compared to healthy controls • Level of evidence: very limited Summary of findings for WAD: • Increased reaction time in WAD patients compared to healthy controls • Level of evidence: moderate* | |||||
Publication | Sample | Task | Task specifications | Results compared to C | Risk of Bias |
Gadotti et al. [61] | WAD 5 C 15 | Head aiming; Pointing | Speed: As fast as possible Target: Unpredictable Direction: ROT | Increased in WAD | moderate |
Ohberg et al. [69] | WAD 59 C 56 | Unconstrained | Speed: As fast as possible Directions: FLEX/EXT, ROT | Increased in WAD | moderate |
Sarig Bahat et al. [73] | NP 25 C 42 | Head aiming; Pointing | Speed: As fast as possible Targets: Unpredictable Directions: FLEX/EXT, ROT | No significant differences | high |
Acceleration Phase Duration | |||||
Summary of findings for INP: • No differences in acceleration phase duration in NP patients compared to healthy controls • Level of evidence: limited | |||||
Publication | Sample | Task | Task specifications | Results compared to C | Risk of Bias |
Descarreaux et al. [58] | INP 19 C 20 | Head aiming; Pointing | Speed: As fast as possible Target: Predictable Direction: ROT | No significant differences | moderate |
Deceleration Phase Duration | |||||
Summary of finding: • Increased deceleration phase duration in INP patients compared to healthy controls • Level of evidence: limited | |||||
Publication | Sample | Task | Task specifications | Results compared to C | Risk of Bias |
Descarreaux et al. [58] | INP 19 C 20 | Head aiming; Pointing | Speed: As fast as possible Target: Predictable Direction: ROT | Increased in NP | moderate |
Ratio of Phase Durations | |||||
Summary of findings for NP/ INP: • Inconsistent findings on ratio of phase durations in NP/ INP patients compared to healthy controls • Level of evidence: conflicting Summary of findings for WAD: • No difference on ratio of phase durations in WAD patients compared to healthy controls • Level of evidence: limited | |||||
Publication | Sample | Task | Task specifications | Results compared to C | Risk of Bias |
Röijezon et al. [71] | INP 118 C 51 | Unconstrained | Speed: As fast as possible Direction: ROT | No significant differences | Moderate |
Sarig Bahat et al. [74] | NP 33 C 22 | Head aiming; Pointing | Speed: As fast as possible Targets: Unpredictable Directions: FLEX/EXT, ROT | Decreased in NP except for target in LROT | Moderate |
Vikne et al. [80] | WAD 15 C 15 | Unconstrained | Speed: Slow(S), Preferred (P), Max (MAX) Direction: FLEX/EXT | No significant differences | Moderate |
Sarig Bahat et al. [73] | NP 25 C 42 | Head aiming; Pointing | Speed: As fast as possible Targets: Unpredictable Directions: FLEX/EXT, ROT | No significant differences | High |