Fig. 2

Endoscopy-assisted anterior cervical debridement combined with posterior fixation and fusion were performed for an 18-year-old man with upper cervical spine TB. Preoperative lateral (a) and open mouth (b) radiographs, MRI (c) and CT (d, e) show C2/3 vertebral destruction, spinal cord compression, and abscess formation. Postoperative X-ray examination (f) shows satisfactory posterior occipital-cervical fixation and a well-corrected cervical vertebral sequence. At the final follow-up at 72 months postoperatively, a radiograph (g) shows well-placed fixation, and CT (h–j) shows solid bony union