Table 3 Summary of the GRADE assessment
Outcome measure/ measurement property | Studies | Sample Size | ROB | Criteria for good Measurement Properties | ROB overall rating | GRADE - quality of evidence | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Inconsistency | Impreciseness | Indirectness | Overall Quality of Evidence | |||||
Asymptomatic | Clinometer App | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Reliability (Intra rater) | Ullucci P.A. et al., 2019 [33] | 38 | D | (+) | ↓ | No | No | No | Moderate |
Tousignant-Laflamme et al. 2013 [32] | 28 | A | (−) |  |  |  |  |  | |
Monreal C. et al., 2021 [29] | 50 | A | (+) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Reliability (Inter rater) | Ullucci P.A. et al., 2019 [33] | 38 | D | (+) | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | No | Very Low |
Tousignant-Laflamme et al. 2013 [32] | 28 | A | (−) |  |  |  |  |  | |
 Measurement Error | Monreal C. et al., 2021 [29] | 50 | A | (?) | Serious | Inconsistent |  |  | Not rated |
 Criterion Validity | Tousignant-Laflamme et al. 2013 [32] | 28 | A | (−) | Serious | Inconsistent |  |  | Not rated |
 (Concurrent) | Monreal C. et al., 2021 [29] | 50 | D | (?) |  |  |  |  |  |
Neck Pain | Clinometer App | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Reliability (Intra-rater) | Pourahmadi M.R. et al., 2018 [26] | 40 | A | (−) | No | ↓ | ↓ | No | Low |
Ghorbani F. et al., 2020 [10] | 20 | A | (−) |  |  |  |  |  | |
RodrÃguez-Sanza J. et al., 2019 [11] | 10 | A | (+) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Reliability (Inter-rater) | Pourahmadi M.R. et al., 2018 [26] | 40 | A | (−) | No | ↓ |  | No | Low |
Ghorbani F. et al., 2020 [10] | 20 | A | (−) |  |  |  |  |  | |
RodrÃguez-Sanza J. et al., 2019 [11] | 10 | A | (+) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Measurement Error | Ghorbani F. et al., 2020 [10] | 20 | A | (?) | No | Inconsistent |  |  | Not rated |
 Criterion | Ghorbani F. et al., 2020 [10] | 20 | A | (−) | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | No | Very Low |
RodrÃguez-Sanza J. et al., 2019 [11] | 25 | I | (?) | Very serious | Inconsistent | Â | No | Not rated | |
Asymptomatic | Compass App | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Reliability (Intra rater) | Guidetti. et al., 2017 [13] | 23 | A | (+) | ↓ | No | ↓ | No | Low |
Satpute K. et al., 2019 [12] | 32 | D | (+) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Tousignant-Laflamme et al. 2013 [32] | 28 | A | (−) |  |  |  |  |  | |
 Reliability (Inter rater) | Guidetti L. et al., 2017 [13] | 23 | A | (+) | ↓ | No | ↓ | No | Low |
Satpute K. et al., 2019 [12] | 32 | D | (+) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Tousignant-Laflamme et al. 2013 [32] | 28 | A | (−) |  |  |  |  |  | |
 Measurement Error | Guidetti L. et al., 2017 [13] | 23 | A | (?) | Serious | Inconsistent |  |  | Not rated |
Satpute K. et al., 2019 [12] | 32 | D | (?) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Criterion Validity | Guidetti L. et al., 2017 [13] | 23 | A | (+) | No | Inconsistent |  |  | Not rated |
Tousignant-Laflamme et al. 2013 [32] | 28 | A | (−) |  |  |  |  |  | |
 Construct Validity (convergent) | Satpute K. et al., 2019 [12] | 32 | A | (?) | Serious | Inconsistent |  |  | Not rated |
Neck Pain | Compass app | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Reliability (Intra rater) | RodrÃguez-Sanza J. et al., 2019 [11] | 10 | A | (+) | ↓ | No | ↓↓ | No | Very Low |
 Reliability (Inter rater) | RodrÃguez-Sanza J. et al., 2019 [11] | 10 | A | (+) | ↓ | No | ↓↓ | No | Very Low |
 Criterion Validity | RodrÃguez-Sanza J. et al., 2019 [11] | 25 | I | (?) | Serious | Inconsistent |  |  | Not rated |
Asymptomatic | Other apps (custom-made) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Reliability (Intra rater) | Chang K. et al., 2019 [28] | 41 | D | (+) | ↓↓ | No | ↓↓ | No | Very Low |
Quek J. et al., 2014 [31] | 21 | D | (+) | ↓ ↓ | No | ↓↓ |  | Very Low | |
 Reliability (Inter rater) | Chang K. et al., 2019 [28] | 41 | D | (+) | ↓ ↓ | No | ↓↓ | No | Very Low |
 Measurement Error | Chang K. et al., 2019 [28] | 41 | D | (?) | Very serious | Inconsistent |  |  | Not rated |
Quek J. et al., 2014 [31] | 21 | D | (?) | Very serious | Inconsistent | Â | Â | Not rated | |
 Criterion Validity | Palsson T. et al., 2019 [30] | 30 | A | (+) | ↓ | No | ↓↓ | No | Very Low |
 Criterion Validity | Quek J. et al., 2014 [31] | 21 | A | (+) | ↓ | No | ↓↓ | No | Very Low |
 Construct Validity (convergent) | Chang K. et al., 2019 [28] | 41 | V | (+) | No | No | ↓↓ | No | Low |
Neck Pain | Other apps (custom-made) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Reliability (Intra rater) | Stenneberg M.S. et al., 2018 [27] | 26 | A | (+) | ↓ | No | ↓↓ | No | Very Low |
 Reliability (Inter rater) | Stenneberg M.S. et al., 2018 [27] | 26 | A | (+) | ↓ | No | ↓↓ | No | Very Low |
 Measurement Error | Stenneberg M.S. et al., 2018 [27] | 26 | A | (?) | Serious | Inconsistent |  |  | Not rated |
 Criterion Validity | Stenneberg M.S. et al., 2018 [27] | 26 | A | (+) | ↓ | No | ↓↓ | No | Very Low |