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Table 1 Characteristics and outcome variables of study participants at baseline (T0)a

From: Duloxetine in OsteoArthritis (DOA) study: effects of duloxetine on pain and function in end-stage hip and knee OA – a pragmatic enriched randomized controlled trial

Characteristics

Duloxetine intervention N = 57

Care-as-usual

N = 54

 

Joint

 Knee

54.4 (31)

55.6 (30)

 

 Hip

52.0 (26)

48.0 (24)

 

Age (years), mean ± SD

61.5 ± 8.1

64 ± 8.7

 

Female

66.7 (38)

57.4 (31)

 

BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD

28.8 ± 4.9

29 ± 3.9

 

Cohabitation (yes)

77.2 (44)

75.9 (41)

 

Educational level

 Higher

40.4 (23)

38.9 (21)

 

 Secondary

50.9 (29)

55.6 (30)

 

 No or lower

8.8 (5)

5.6 (3)

 

Smoking (yes)

26.3 (15)

11.1 (6)

 

ASA Classification

 I

33.3 (19)

27.8 (15)

 

 II

54.4 (31)

68.5 (37)

 

 III

12.3 (7)

3.7 (2)

 

Comorbidities (/9), median (Q1;Q3)

1 (0;1)

1 (0;2)

 

 Back disorder

7 (4)

16.7 (9)

 

 Diabetes

5.3 (3)

11.1 (6)

 

 Cancer

1.9 (1)

 

 Chronic bowel disorder

8.8 (5)

9.3 (5)

 

 Migraine

8.8 (5)

9.3 (5)

 

 Cardiopulmonary condition (/4)

0 (0;1)

0 (0;1)

 

PCS (0–52), mean ± SD

15.5 (9.5)

17.4 (10.6)

 

HADS-A (0–21), median (Q1;Q3)

3 (1;5)

3 (1;5)

 

HADS-D (0–21), median (Q1;Q3)

3 (2;5)

3 (2;5)

 

Number of painful body regions/joints (/20), median (Q1;Q3)

2 (1;3.5)

2 (1;4)

 

Duration of osteoarthritis pain (months), median (Q1;Q3)

48 (22.5;90.0)

36 (16;7.75.0)

 

KL grade

   

 KL grade II

14 (8)

27.8 (15)

 

 KL grade III

78.9 (45)

68.5 (37)

 

 KL grade IV

7 (4)

3.7 (2)

 

History of surgery in index joint

52.6 (30)

53.7 (29)

 

Analgesic injection in index joint (past year)

24.6 (14)

27.8 (15)

 

Analgesic usage in past week

64.9 (37)

70.4 (38)

 

 Acetaminophen

45.6 (26)

48.1 (26)

 

 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

36.8 (21)

27.8 (15)

 

 Weak opioids

3.5 (2)

5.6 (3)

 

 Strong opioids

1.8 (1)

 

 Others

 

KOOS/HOOS (0–100)

 ain (mean ± SD)

38.6 ± 14.1

30.9 ± 12.7

 

 Symptoms (mean ± SD)

43.4 ± 18.7

41.1 ± 14.6

 

 ADL (mean ± SD)

41.7 ± 15.2

38.6 ± 14.6

 

 QOL (mean ± SD)

25.4 ± 13.8

21.4 ± 12.8

 

mPDQ

15.5 ± 4.7

16 ± 4.6

 

 PPT-Joint, median (Q1;Q3)

3.9 (2.3;4.7)

4.3 (1.9;2.2)

 

 PPT-Remote, median (Q1;Q3)

3.2 (1.8;4.3)

3.0 (2.2;3.8)

 

VAS-past week

   

 VAS-Rest (mean ± SD)

46.6 ± 24.8

58.7 ± 18.2

 

 VAS-Movement (mean ± SD)

68.1 ± 15.7

71.1 ± 17.2

 
  1. aExcept where indicated otherwise, values are presented as % (n)
  2. BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale, HADS-A Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, anxiety subscale, HADS-D Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, depression subscale, KL Kellgren & Lawrence, KOOS/HOOS Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score/Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, mPDQ modified painDETECT questionnaire, PPT pressure pain threshold, VAS Visual Analogue Scale