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Table 2 Comparisons of radiographic measurements, prevalence of radiographically-assessed hallux valgus and self-recognition about hallux valgus, and grades of hallux valgus severity between feet of men and women

From: The discrepancy between radiographically-assessed and self-recognized hallux valgus in a large population-based cohort

  

Total

(n = 3992)

Men

(n = 1308)

Women

(n = 2684)

P-value

HVA (degrees)

All

16.8 ± 7.6

14.4 ± 6.2

18.0 ± 7.9

< 0.0001

Age < 39

15.3 ± 5.0

13.6 ± 4.7

16.7 ± 4.8

0.0004

Age 40–49

16.4 ± 6.1

14.1 ± 5.3

17.9 ± 6.2

< 0.0001

Age 50–59

16.5 ± 6.6

13.7 ± 5.0

17.6 ± 6.8

< 0.0001

Age 60–69

17.0 ± 7.5

14.7 ± 5.9

18.2 ± 7.9

< 0.0001

Age 70–79

17.1 ± 8.4

14.6 ± 7.0

18.1 ± 8.7

< 0.0001

Age 80≦

16.6 ± 8.7

14.4 ± 7.2

17.9 ± 9.2

< 0.0001

IPA (degrees)

All

15.4 ± 5.6

16.6 ± 4.8

14.9 ± 5.8

< 0.0001

Age < 39

17.3 ± 4.2

18.0 ± 3.8

16.7 ± 4.4

0.0501

Age 40–49

16.6 ± 4.5

16.4 ± 4.6

16.7 ± 4.5

0.6864

Age 50–59

16.3 ± 4.7

17.1 ± 4.5

16.0 ± 4.8

0.0016

Age 60–69

15.0 ± 5.5

16.5 ± 4.9

14.3 ± 5.7

< 0.0001

Age 70–79

14.9 ± 6.1

16.4 ± 4.9

14.2 ± 6.4

< 0.0001

Age 80≦

15.0 ± 6.2

16.1 ± 5.2

14.3 ± 6.7

0.0007

IMA (degrees)

All

8.6 ± 2.6

8.0 ± 2.5

8.9 ± 2.7

< 0.0001

Age < 39

7.6 ± 1.7

7.4 ± 1.8

7.8 ± 1.6

0.1787

Age 40–49

8.2 ± 2.1

7.9 ± 2.0

8.4 ± 2.1

0.0175

Age 50–59

8.1 ± 2.3

7.6 ± 2.1

8.3 ± 2.3

0.0002

Age 60–69

8.6 ± 2.6

7.9 ± 2.3

8.9 ± 2.7

< 0.0001

Age 70–79

9.1 ± 2.9

8.3 ± 2.8

9.5 ± 2.9

< 0.0001

Age 80≦

9.1 ± 2.9

8.8 ± 2.9

9.2 ± 2.8

0.1432

Contribution of IPA to TVDH (%)

48.9 ± 17.6

54.5 ± 14.6

46.2 ± 18.3

< 0.0001

HV grade (feet [%])

Normal

2803 (70.2%)

1092 (83.5%)a

1711 (63.8%)

<  0.0001

Mild

928 (23.2%)

188 (14.4%)

740 (27.6%)a

 

Moderate

222 (5.6%)

22 (1.7%)

200 (7.5%)a

 

Severe

39 (1.0%)

6 (0.5%)

33 (1.2%)a

 

Prevalence of radiographic HV (feet [%])

1189 (29.8%)

216 (16.5%)

973 (36.3%)

<  0.0001

Prevalence of HV self-recognition (feet [%])

657 (16.5%)

71 (5.4%)

586 (21.8%)

<  0.0001

  1. Abbreviations: HVA hallux valgus angle, IPA interphalangeal angle, IMA intermetatarsal angle between 1st and 2nd metatarsals, TVDH total valgus deformity of the hallux, HV hallux valgus
  2. aSignificantly higher proportion in the comparison between men and women which was detected from the chi-square test and subsequent adjusted residual analysis