The effect of posterior lumbar dynamic fixation and intervertebral fusion on paraspinal muscles

Table 3 Comparisons of paraspinal muscle FCSA of patients between K-rod group and PLIF (⁻x ± s)

	Upper segment FCSA (cm²)		P value	Lower segment FCSA		P value
	Preoperative	postoperative	P value	Preoperative	postoperative	P value
K-rod group	10.74 ± 2.94	10.49 ± 2.93		15.13 ± 3.69	14.91 ± 3.47
PLIF group	7.83 ± 2.55	6.97 ± 2.80		11.82 ± 2.69	9.82 ± 2.78
Group×Rep			< 0.001^***			< 0.001^***
Group			< 0.001^***			< 0.001^***
Rep			< 0.001^***			< 0.001^***

PLIF Posterior lumbar interbody fusion. FCSA Functional cross-sectional area. ^***means P < 0.001

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