Risk factors of opioid use associated with an enhanced-recovery programme after total knee arthroplasty

Table 4 LOS, expenses and Complications

Variables	Opioids group, N =83	Non-opioids group, N =278	p
LOS	3.8±1.2	3.5±0.9	0.036*
Transfusion	1 (1.2%)	1 (0.4%)	1.000
Death	0	0	-
DVT	0	4 (1.4%)	0.489
PE	0	0	-
Nausea and vomiting	21 (25.3%)	31 (11.2%)	0.001*
Cardiac infarction	1 (1.2%)	0	0.230
Stroke	0	0	-
Acute renal failure	0	0	-
Wound complications	16 (19.3%)	37 (13.3%)	0.178
Readmission	2 (2.4%)	2 (0.7%)	0.228

LOS: length of stay; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE: pulmonary embolism. Wound complications included exudation, bleeding, swelling, infection and impaired wound healing.
p value calculated using independent t-test, Pearson chi-square test or Fisher exact test.

ISSN: 1471-2474