From: Intralesional nerve-sparing surgery versus non-surgical treatment for giant cell tumor of the sacrum
Case | Neurological status before treatment | Neurological status after treatment | Lung metastasis | Oncological outcome | Complications | Karnofsky performance status | Modified Biagini score | Follow-up (months) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nerve-sparing surgery group | ||||||||
1 | Hypotonia of the lower limb, urinary and fecal incontinence, and local pain | Paralysis in the S1-S3 regions, urinary retention, and severe local pain | Yes | AWD | Infection. Treatment: Debridement three times and antibiotic agents | 65 | Bl-2, Bo-1, Mo-1 | 96 |
2 | Left-sided sciatica | Paresthesia in the right S2 region | No | AWD | None | 90 | Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 63 |
3 | Constipation and local pain | Perianal hypoesthesia, residual voiding, constipation, and slight local pain (improved over time) | No | NED | Apical granuloma of the tooth occurred 14 months after discontinuing denosumab. | 90 | Bl-1, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 154 |
4 | Sciatica and local pain | Slight pain | No | CDF | None | 95 | Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 63 |
5 | Right-sided sciatica and local pain | Local pain | No | CDF | None | 90 | Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 25 |
6 | Local pain | Dysuria | No | CDF | None | 95 | Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 84 |
7 | Left-sided sciatica | Slight pain | No | CDF | None | 95 | Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 46 |
8 | Local pain and urinary retention | Occasional urinary incontinence | No | AWD | Stress fracture of the sacro-iliac joint: Treatment: Oral painkillers | 80 | Bl-1, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 100 |
9 | Local pain and urinary incontinence | Anal sphincter deficiency (manual evacuation), weakness of the right triceps surae muscle | No | CDF | Bladder laceration. Treatment: Immediately repaired | 80 | Bl-0, Bo-2, Mo-0 | 132 |
Non-surgical treatment group | ||||||||
10 | Bilateral sciatica and urinary incontinence | Mild pain in the S1 region | No | AWD | None | 75 | Bl-1, Bo-1, Mo-0 | 89 |
11 | Paresthesia in the S1-S2 region, dysuria and dyschezia | Symptoms are relieved | No | AWD | None | 100 | Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 54 |
12 | Local pain | No pain | No | AWDa | Osteonecrosis of the jaw occurred 6 years after starting denosumab.b | 80 | Bl-1, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 94 |
13 | Local pain | Slight pain | No | AWD | None | 90 | Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 77 |
14 | Local pain, left-sided sciatica, and loss of dorsiflexion of the right toe | Slight pain | No | AWD | None | 90 | Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 22 |
15 | Local pain, right-sided sciatica, urinary retention, and muscle weakness of the lower limbs | No pain, no sphincter disorders, and no muscle weakness | No | AWD | None | 90 | Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0 | 17 |