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Table 4 Details of the 15 patients with sacral giant cell tumors

From: Intralesional nerve-sparing surgery versus non-surgical treatment for giant cell tumor of the sacrum

Case

Neurological status before treatment

Neurological status after treatment

Lung metastasis

Oncological outcome

Complications

Karnofsky performance status

Modified Biagini score

Follow-up (months)

Nerve-sparing surgery group

1

Hypotonia of the lower limb, urinary and fecal incontinence, and local pain

Paralysis in the S1-S3 regions, urinary retention, and severe local pain

Yes

AWD

Infection. Treatment: Debridement three times and antibiotic agents

65

Bl-2, Bo-1, Mo-1

96

2

Left-sided sciatica

Paresthesia in the right S2 region

No

AWD

None

90

Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0

63

3

Constipation and local pain

Perianal hypoesthesia, residual voiding, constipation, and slight local pain (improved over time)

No

NED

Apical granuloma of the tooth occurred 14 months after discontinuing denosumab.

90

Bl-1, Bo-0, Mo-0

154

4

Sciatica and local pain

Slight pain

No

CDF

None

95

Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0

63

5

Right-sided sciatica and local pain

Local pain

No

CDF

None

90

Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0

25

6

Local pain

Dysuria

No

CDF

None

95

Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0

84

7

Left-sided sciatica

Slight pain

No

CDF

None

95

Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0

46

8

Local pain and urinary retention

Occasional urinary incontinence

No

AWD

Stress fracture of the sacro-iliac joint: Treatment: Oral painkillers

80

Bl-1, Bo-0, Mo-0

100

9

Local pain and urinary incontinence

Anal sphincter deficiency (manual evacuation), weakness of the right triceps surae muscle

No

CDF

Bladder laceration. Treatment: Immediately repaired

80

Bl-0, Bo-2, Mo-0

132

Non-surgical treatment group

10

Bilateral sciatica and urinary incontinence

Mild pain in the S1 region

No

AWD

None

75

Bl-1, Bo-1, Mo-0

89

11

Paresthesia in the S1-S2 region, dysuria and dyschezia

Symptoms are relieved

No

AWD

None

100

Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0

54

12

Local pain

No pain

No

AWDa

Osteonecrosis of the jaw occurred 6 years after starting denosumab.b

80

Bl-1, Bo-0, Mo-0

94

13

Local pain

Slight pain

No

AWD

None

90

Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0

77

14

Local pain, left-sided sciatica, and loss of dorsiflexion of the right toe

Slight pain

No

AWD

None

90

Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0

22

15

Local pain, right-sided sciatica, urinary retention, and muscle weakness of the lower limbs

No pain, no sphincter disorders, and no muscle weakness

No

AWD

None

90

Bl-0, Bo-0, Mo-0

17

  1. CDF, continuous disease free; NED, no evidence of disease; AWD, alive with disease; Bl, bladder; Bo, bowel; Mo, motor
  2. aNow the disease remains stable without denosumab therapy. bDenosumab was discontinued, jaw surgery was performed, and denosumab was resumed two months later