3D printed templates improve the accuracy and safety of pedicle screw placement in the treatment of pediatric congenital scoliosis

Table 2 Surgical data

	Template-assisted group (n = 34)	Freehand group (n = 33)	All (N = 67)	P
Surgical time, min	160.44 ± 46.03	156.82 ± 55.21	158.66 ± 50.40	0.771
Intraoperative bleeding, ml	368.53 ± 254.64	306.15 ± 232.24	337.81 ± 244.05	0.299
Screw placement outcomes
Number of screws	6.59 ± 2.72	5.24 ± 2.05	5.93 ± 2.49	0.026
Excellent accuracy rate %	96.10 ± 7.02	88.64 ± 13.91	92.42 ± 11.51	0.007
Good accuracy rate, %	99.02 ± 3.28	97.14 ± 7.20	98.09% ± 5.60	0.171
Number of fused levels	3.47 ± 1.58	2.70 ± 1.13	3.09 ± 1.42	0.025
Cobb angle main curve, °
Preoperative	38.77 ± 13.59	32.91 ± 11.87	35.88 ± 13.02	0.065
Postoperative	8.94 ± 9.20^a	5.86 ± 7.30^a	7.42 ± 8.40	0.135
Kyphosis angle, °
Preoperative	20.33 ± 14.77	19.68 ± 16.17	20.01 ± 15.36	0.864
Postoperative	8.87 ± 7.45^a	4.70 ± 9.56^a	6.82 ± 8.75	0.073
Complications	0	4 (12.12)	4 (6.00)	0.009

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or count (percentage)
^aBoth the Cobb angle of the main curve and kyphosis angle were significantly decreased after surgery in both groups (both, P < 0.001)
Excellent accuracy rate (Grade 0) = [Number of Grade 0 screws placed / the total number of screws placed] × 100
Good accuracy rate (Grade 0 + Grade 1) = [Number of Grade 0 + Grade 1 screws placed / the total number of screws placed] × 100

ISSN: 1471-2474