Quadriceps muscle strength recovery with the use of high tone power therapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Comparison of outcome variables characterizing the knee indicators at baseline and after physiotherapy

		Baseline	95% CI^a	Post	95% CI^a	p^a	ES^a
		X ± SD	95% CI^a	X ± SD	95% CI^a	p^a	ES^a
Knee extensors strength [N/kg]	Experimental	20.49 ± 0.8	20.1–20.9	23.28 ± 0.7	23–23.7	0.041	3.71
	Control	20.30 ± 0.6	20–20.6	20.19 ± 0.6	19.9–20.5	n.s.	0.18
	p^b	n.s.		0.028
	ES^b	0.26		4.47
	95% CI^b	−0.29-0.67		2.64–3.53
Knee circumference [cm]	Experimental	39.00 ± 2.90	37.6–40.4	35.00 ± 1.80	34.1–35.9	0.039	1.65
	Control	39.00 ± 1.84	38.1–39.9	38.00 ± 2.18	37–39	n.s.	0.50
	p^b	n.s.		0.043
	ES^b	0.65		1.50
	95% CI^b	−1.66-1.66		1.62–4.38
Thigh circumference [cm]	Experimental	41.00 ± 4.02	39.1–42.9	46.00 ± 3.86	44.2–47.8	0.049	1.26
	Control	42.00 ± 3.80	40.2–43.8	41.00 ± 3.11	39.6–42.4	n.s.	0.28
	p^b	n.s.		0.033
	ES^b	0.25		1.42
	95% CI^b	−1.69-3.69		2.6–7.4
Knee extension [°]	Experimental	5.00 ± 3.20	3.4–6.5	0.00 ± 0.15	−0.07-0.07	< 0.001	2.20
	Control	4.00 ± 2.65	2.7–5.2	3.00 ± 0.99	2.54–3.46	n.s	0.49
	p^b	n.s.		0.048
	ES^b	0.34		4.23
	95% CI^b	−1.02-3.02		2.51–3.49

Baseline – the measurement before physiotherapy; Post - the measurement after physiotherapy; p^a – p-value between baseline and post-physiotherapy within each group; p^b – p-value between study groups; ES^a – effect size (Cohen d) within each group; ES^b – effect size (Cohen d) between study groups; p < 0,05; CI^a Confidence interval within each group based on means and SD, CI^b Confidence interval between study groups based on means and SD.

ISSN: 1471-2474