Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants

Age (years)

35.06 ± 9.55

34.50 ± 8.83

0.857

Sex

0.171

 Male

5 (27.78%)

9 (50%)

 Female

13 (72.22%)

9 (50%)

Weight (kg)

60.79 ± 12.78

63.24 ± 9.87

0.165

Height (cm)

158.58 ± 8.22

162.08 ± 6.49

0.525

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.02 ± 3.15

24.04 ± 3.34

0.878

Side of pain

0.360

 Left

4 (22.22%)

8 (44.44%)

 Right

5 (27.78%)

4 (22.22%)

 Both

9 (50%)

6 (33.33%)

Duration of current pain (weeks)

8.33 ± 1.57

8.11 ± 1.68

0.684

Proprioception (JRE) (cm)

0.62 ± 0.22

0.69 ± 0.30

0.399

 SEOS (sec)

27.05 ± 13.75

26.52 ± 12.92

0.906

 SECS (sec)

3.13 ± 1.66

3.81 ± 2.92

0.397

 SEOUS (sec)

9.35 ± 10.05

9.18 ± 8.11

0.956

 SECUS (sec)

1.56 ± 0.55

1.34 ± 0.25

0.154

Left TrA - at rest (cm)

0.24 ± 0.05

0.24 ± 0.07

0.935

- % change

50.82 ± 16.81

54.29 ± 22.98

0.609

Right TrA - at rest (cm)

0.23 ± 0.06

0.23 ± 0.05

0.797

- % change

50.47 ± 21.57

56.91 ± 24.94

0.413

Left LM - at rest (cm)

2.56 ± 0.50

2.83 ± 0.61

0.146

- % change

18.44 ± 10.71

14.27 ± 6.85

0.174

Right LM - at rest (cm)

2.52 ± 0.48

2.76 ± 0.50

0.295

- % change

17.60 ± 7.99

19.73 ± 8.61

0.447

Pain (VAS) (cm)

4.28 ± 1.13

4.61 ± 1.20

0.395

Functional disability (MODQ) (score /100)

39.89 ± 10.48

42.89 ± 10.25

0.405

Fear of movement (TSK) (score /68)

42 ± 4.16

44.89 ± 3.94

0.040