From: A diagnostic tool for people with lumbar instability: a criterion-related validity study
 | Without lumbar instability (n = 122) | Lumbar instability (n = 18) | P- value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n(%) | Mean ± SD | n(%) | Mean ± SD | ||
Age (years) |  | 35.80 ± 12.35 |  | 37.00 ± 12.32 | 0.70 |
Sex | |||||
 • Male | 49(40.16) |  | 5(27.78) |  | 0.31 |
 • Female | 73(59.84) |  | 13(72.22) |  |  |
BMI |  | 22.29 ± 2.37 |  | 21.97 ± 3.12 | 0.61 |
RMDQ score |  | 6.08 ± 4.90 |  | 8.67 ± 5.41 | 0.04* |
Pain duration (months) |  | 25.71 ± 25.25 |  | 38.33 ± 48.65 | 0.09 |
Pain episode | |||||
 • First | 63(51.64) |  | 13(72.22) |  | 0.10 |
 • Recurrent | 59(48.36) |  | 5(27.78) |  |  |
Pain radiation | |||||
 • Yes | 64(52.46) |  | 11(61.11) |  | 0.49 |
 • No | 58(47.54) |  | 7(38.89) |  |  |
Pain score (NRS) |  | 4.52 ± 1.46 |  | 4.94 ± 1.35 | 0.24 |