| Postoperative VAS for LBP ≥ 25 mm (n = 98) | Postoperative VAS for LBP < 25 mm (n = 104) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 72.3 ± 9.1 | 72.6 ± 9.0 | 0.845 |
Sex | Â | Â | 0.034* |
 Male | 45.9% | 61.5% |  |
 Female | 54.1% | 38.5% |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 4.0 | 24.1 ± 3.7 | 0.141 |
Disease period (months) | 33.4 ± 33.2 | 31.4 ± 32.6 | 0.681 |
Number of levels | Â | Â | 0.645 |
 1 | 55.1% | 49.0% |  |
 2 | 33.7% | 36.5% |  |
 ≥ 3 | 11.2% | 14.4% |  |
Preoperative radiological findings | |||
 Spondylolisthesis | |||
  ≥ Grade 1 | 46.9% | 50.0% | 0.675 |
  ≥ Grade 2 | 8.2% | 3.9% | 0.241 |
 Scoliosis | 13.3% | 1.9% | 0.003* |
 Spinal instability | 18.4% | 17.5% | 1.000 |
 Disk degeneration | |||
  Grades 1, 2, 3 | 7.1% | 8.7% | 0.797 |
  Grade 4 | 59.2% | 62.5% | 0.667 |
  Grade 5 | 33.7% | 28.9% | 0.544 |
 Modic endplate changes | |||
  Type 1 | 21.4% | 3.9% | < 0.001* |
  Type 2 | 7.1% | 14.4% | 0.116 |
  Type 3 | 2.0% | 0% | 0.234 |
 Vacuum phenomenon of disc space | 68.4% | 64.4% | 0.653 |
 Old vertebral fractures | 12.2% | 10.6% | 0.826 |
 Sagittal parameters | |||
  PI-LL ≥ 10° | 62.9% | 60.6% | 0.773 |
  PI-LL ≥ 20° | 37.1 | 31.7% | 0.459 |
  SVA ≥ 40 mm | 61.2% | 63.5% | 0.773 |
  SVA ≥ 95 mm | 21.4% | 18.3% | 0.600 |
  PT ≥ 20° | 60.8% | 51.0% | 0.201 |
  PT ≥ 30° | 24.7% | 15.4% | 0.113 |
Preoperative clinical scores | |||
 VAS for low back pain | 70.1 ± 15.9 | 63.4 ± 15.3 | 0.003* |
 VAS for LBP ≥ 70 mm | 55.1% | 31.7% | 0.001* |
 VAS for leg pain | 64.2 ± 24.0 | 63.4 ± 20.1 | 0.795 |
 VAS for leg numbness | 65.2 ± 27.9 | 61.4 ± 25.2 | 0.315 |