Table 2 Detailed data on potential predictors for delirium following total joint arthroplasty and the outcomes of meta-analysis

Gender (male)

13

1.14 (0.88, 1.47)

44

0.05

0.33

Fixed

Advanced age

10

3.81(1.80, 5.83) ^a

86

<  0.00001

0.0002

Random

Education

2

−0.18 (−1.03, 0.67) ^a

0

0.68

0.68

Fixed

BMI

4

−0.19 (− 0.37, 0.74) ^a

0

0.88

0.51

Fixed

Smoking

3

1.18 (0.68, 2.04)

0

0.94

0.56

Fixed

Alcohol abuse

4

1.29 (0.42, 3.91)

83

0.0006

0.65

Random

Preoperative MMSE score

6

−0.40(−0.69, −0.12) ^a

16

0.31

0.006

Fixed

Diabetes

4

2.02 (1.15, 3.55)

0

0.87

0.01

Fixed

Hypertension

4

2.26 (1.31, 3.89)

0

0.91

0.003

Fixed

Ischemic heart disease heart disease

2

0.77 (0.17, 3.41)

0

0.73

0.73

Fixed

Stroke

2

14.61(5.26, 40.55)

41

0.19

<  0.00001

Fixed

Dementia

3

24.85 (7.26, 85.02)

0

0.88

< 0.00001

Fixed

Psychiatric illness

4

2.72 (1.45, 5.08)

0

0.91

0.002

Fixed

Hyperlipidemia

2

0.99 (0.55, 1.79)

0

0.97

0.98

Fixed

Surgical site infection

2

5.09 (0.29, 90.26)

81

0.02

0.27

Random

Deep vein thrombosis

2

10.77 (0.04, 2680.35)

92

0.0003

0.4

Random

General anesthesia

5

1.31 (0.92, 1.86)

48

0.1

0.14

Fixed

Spinal/epidural anesthesia

4

0.69 (0.46, 1.05)

0

0.78

0.08

Fixed

Operation time

3

0.68 (−7.30, 8.66) ^a

57

0.1

0.87

Random

Intraoperative blood loss

4

8.01 (−71.43, 87.46) ^a

75

0.008

0.84

Random

Knee arthroplasty

4

1.28 (0.87, 1.88)

6

0.36

0.22

Fixed

Hip arthroplasty

4

0.78 (0.53, 1.15)

6

0.36

0.22

Fixed

Use of sedative-hypnotics

3

6.42 (2.53, 16.27)

0

0.57

< 0.0001

Fixed

Preoperative levels of hemoglobin

4

−0.56 (−0.89, −0.22) ^a

52

0.1

0.001

Random

Preoperative levels of creatinine

2

−0.80 (−7.22, 5.62) ^a

56

0.13

0.81

Random

Postoperative day 1 sodium

2

−0.17 (−1.73, 1.38) ^a

0

0.85

0.83

Fixed

Postoperative day 1 potassium

2

0.08 (−0.14, 0.29) ^a

0

0.52

0.48

Fixed

Postoperative day 1 hemoglobin

2

−0.57 (−1.44, 0.30) ^a

57

0.13

0.2

Random

Postoperative day 3 sodium

2

−1.27 (−2.67, 0.13) ^a

0

0.79

0.08

Fixed

Postoperative day 3 potassium

2

−0.06 (−0.23, 0.10) ^a

0

0.63

0.45

Fixed

Postoperative day 3 hemoglobin

2

−0.66 (−1.88, 0.56) ^a

61

0.11

0.29

Random