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Table 4 Risk factors of chronic low back pain among females (n = 394)

From: The prevalence and risk factors of chronic low back pain among adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: an observational cross-sectional hospital-based study

  

Females

Characteristics

 

Univariate

Multivariate

No. (%)

COR (95%CI)

p-value

AOR (95%CI)

p-value

No. of pregnancies

394 (58.1%)

1.8 (1.4 – 2.3)

0.000

2.4 (1.4 – 4.1)

0.000

Education

 Primary education

123 (31.2%)

1.6 (0.7 – 3.9)

0.293

0.1 (0.02 – 0.5)

0.003

 Secondary education

106 (26.9%)

1.3 (0.5 – 3.3)

0.570

0.1 (0.03 – 0.4)

0.001

Exercise Frequency

 No

207 (52.5%)

3.3 (1.9 – 5.7)

0.000

3.3 (1.1 – 10.1)

0.036

Smoking attitude

 Yes – 11 and above

61 (17.5%)

19.7 (10.0 – 38.6)

0.000

81.9 (17.7 – 378.5)

0.000

Alcohol

 Yes – frequently

98 (24.9%)

5.6 (3.0 – 10.5)

0.000

21.5 (5.6 – 83.0)

0.000

Type of work

 Sedentary

58 (14.7%)

22.5 (9.0 – 56.2)

0.000

51.8 (10.2 – 263.8)

0.000

 Manual labour

106 (26.9%)

25.4 (10.9 – 59.0)

0.000

40.4 (9.4 – 174.6)

0.000

Sitting posture

 Stooped

69 (17.5%)

5.7 (2.3 – 14.3)

0.000

35.7 (4.6 – 268.3)

0.001

 Forward inclination

127 (32.2%)

4.3 (1.8 – 10.3)

0.001

14.0 (2.2 – 91.6)

0.006