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Table 2 Relationship between musculoskeletal pain and opioid prescriptions over the study period (2003-15)

From: Association between clusters of back and joint pain with opioid use in middle-aged community-based women: a prospective cohort study

 

Model 1

RRR (95% CI)

Model 2

RRR (95% CI)

 

1-15 prescriptions vs no prescription

16-50 prescriptions

vs no prescription

> 50 prescriptions

vs no prescription

1-15 prescriptions

vs no prescription

16-50 prescriptions

vs no prescription

> 50 prescriptions vs no prescription

Back pain

No or infrequent back pain

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Frequent back pain

1.43 (1.30, 1.58)

2.95 (2.17, 4.00)

2.74 (1.84, 4.07)

1.34 (1.21, 1.49)

2.52 (1.83, 3.48)

2.20 (1.45, 3.33)

Persistent back pain

1.87 (1.70, 2.06)

5.54 (4.17, 7.38)

8.47 (5.94, 12.07)

1.66 (1.50, 1.84)

4.34 (3.22, 5.86)

6.33 (4.38, 9.16)

Joint pain

 

No or infrequent joint pain

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Frequent joint pain

1.44 (1.30, 1.60)

2.36 (1.72, 3.26)

2.33 (1.51, 3.59)

1.42 (1.27, 1.58)

2.16 (1.55, 3.02)

2.03 (1.30, 3.15)

Persistent joint pain

1.97 (1.79, 2.17)

5.16 (3.86, 6.89)

8.58 (5.89, 12.50)

1.85 (1.67, 2.06)

4.23 (3.11, 5.76)

6.19 (4.18, 9.16)

  1. Data are presented as relative risk ratio (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age, BMI, education, physical activity and depression