Table 2  In-hospital medical characteristics of included cases

 Acute cardiac event

22.65%

5.76%

< 0.0001

 Acute pulmonary edema/failure

2.93%

1.09%

< 0.0001

 Acute cerebrovascular event

0.29%

0.15%

< 0.0001

 Acute renal failure

8.01%

3.43%

< 0.0001

 Acute hepatic failure

0.14%

0.05%

< 0.0001

 Pneumonia

3.48%

1.5%

< 0.0001

 Sepsis

0.00%

0.01%

0.7759

 Urinary tract infection

12.78%

7.07%

< 0.0001

 Postoperative infection

0.12%

0.09%

0.0800

 Non-healing surgical wound

0.02%

0.01%

0.1078

 Accidental perforation or laceration of blood vessel, nerve, or organ

0.06%

0.04%

0.3368

 Mechanical complication of prosthetic joint

1.55%

1.3%

< 0.0001

 DVT/PE

1.01%

0.65%

< 0.0001

Average cost of hospitalization

47,578.5$

44,198$

< 0.0001

Death rate

2.11%

0.65%

< 0.0001