Table 1 Mean values, standard deviations (SD), p-values and cohen’s effect size d for different risk factors of patellofemoral instability in patients who suffered from patellar dislocation and healthy control subjects

ISI

CDI

PTI

PTA-M

PTA-S

NWB CONTROLS

mean

1.06

1.01

0.49

7.62

9.27

SD

0.19

0.13

0.18

4.60

5.26

NWB PATIENTS

mean

1.23

1.16

0.49

14.00

16.34

SD

0.22

0.15

0.16

7.54

7.84

difference

0.17

0.15

−0.01

6.38

7.07

p-value

<  0.001

<  0.001

0.8305

<  0.001

<  0.001

POWER

0.93

0.99

–

0.99

0.99

cohen’s d

0.85

1.04

−0.04

1.05

1.08

ISI

CDI

PTI

PTA-M

PTA-S

WB CONTROLS

mean

1.13

1.10

0.47

7.57

9.59

SD

0.24

0.16

0.18

5.17

5.47

WB PATIENTS

mean

1.23

1.21

0.45

15.97

18.54

SD

0.20

0.17

0.19

9.10

9.43

difference

0.10

0.12

−0.02

8.40

8.95

p-value

0.0206

0.0096

0.6043

< 0.001

< 0.001

POWER

0.47

0.81

–

0.99

1.00

cohen’s d

0.46

0.69

−0.10

1.18

1.20

ISI

CDI

PTI

PTA-M

PTA-S

NWB CONTROLS

mean

1.06

1.01

0.49

7.62

9.27

SD

0.19

0.13

0.18

4.60

5.26

WB CONTROLS

mean

1.13

1.10

0.47

7.57

9.59

SD

0.24

0.16

0.18

5.17

5.47

difference

0.07

0.09

−0.02

−0.05

0.32

p-value

0.1372

0.0164

0.4992

0.8542

0.8584

POWER

–

0.66

–

–

–

cohen’s d

0.35

0.58

−0.14

−0.01

0.06

ISI

CDI

PTI

PTA-M

PTA-S

NWB PATIENTS

mean

1.23

1.16

0.49

14.00

16.34

SD

0.22

0.15

0.16

7.54

7.84

WB PATIENTS

mean

1.23

1.21

0.45

15.97

18.54

SD

0.20

0.17

0.19

9.10

9.43

difference

0.00

0.05

−0.04

1.97

2.20

p-value

0.9485

0.1657

0.2332

0.4629

0.4313

POWER

–

–

–

–

–

cohen’s d

0.02

0.31

−0.22

0.24

0.25