Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age (mean ± SD)

51.39 (± 17.05)

Female

90 (44.1 %)

BMI (mean ± SD)

26.01 (± 5.85)

Obesity (BMI ≥ 30)

37 (18.1 %)

Smoker

75 (36.8 %)

Smoking intensity (package years, mean ± SD)

18.62 (± 17.66)

Smoker type (≥ 10 package years)

47 (23 %)

Diabetes (yes/no)^a

11 (5.4 %)

Peripheral arterial disease

5 (2.5 %)

Open fracture

29 (14.2 %)

Localization

 Tibia

88 (43.1 %)

 Femur

49 (24.0 %)

 Malleolus

27 (13.2 %)

 Calcaneus

17 (8.3 %)

 Fibula

23 (11.3 %)