Fig. 1
From: Which experimental procedures influence the apparent proximal femoral stiffness? A parametric study
The neutral stance alignment of the femur was achieved by using a custom-made alignment setup. The intact femur was a) tilted around the shaft axis until the neck axis was horizontal, b) leveled so that the femoral head center and the distal mid-condylar line were coincident, and c) tilted in the adduction direction until its mechanical axis was 3∘ beyond the reference line. These steps were achieved using d) two cross lasers, and e) manufactured POM supports. The aligned sample was f) cut to a sample size of 150 mm, measured from the femoral head along the shaft axis