Table. 1 Patient characteristics and surgical data between the PD and non-PD groups

Number of subjects

67

927

Age range (years)

71.1 ± 9.6

66.4 ± 9.7

< 0.01*

BMI

24.2 ± 3.6

23.8 ± 3.6

0.41

Sex (male vs. female)

18 vs. 49

268 vs. 659

0.72

Alcohol consumption

15/67 (22.4 %)

142/927 (15.3 %)

0.13

Current smoking

8/67 (11.9 %)

111/927 (12.0 %)

0.99

ASA physical status

  I-II

40/67 (59.7 %)

611/927 (65.9 %)

0.30

  III-IV

27/67 (40.3 %)

316/927 (34.1 %)

0.30

Preoperative complications

  Hypertension

24/67 (35.8 %)

225/927 (24.3 %)

0.04*

  Stage 1 (SBP: 140–159 mmHg; DBP: 90–99 mmHg)

3/67 (4.5 %)

111/927

0.06

  Stage 2 (SBP: 160–179 mmHg; DBP: 100–109 mmHg)

11/67 (16.4 %)

71/927

0.01

  Stage 3 (SBP ≥ 180 mmHg; DBP ≥ 110 mmHg)

10/67 (14.9 %)

43/927

< 0.01

  Diabetes mellitus

10/67 (14.9 %)

110/927 (11.9 %)

0.46

  Heart disease

5/67 (7.5 %)

43/927 (4.6 %)

0.30

  Chronic renal dysfunction

3/67 (4.5 %)

45/927 (4.9 %)

0.89

Current medication

  Steroid

3/67 (4.5 %)

47/927 (5.1 %)

0.83

  Immunosuppressant

2/67 (3.0 %)

18/927 (1.9 %)

0.56

  Anticoagulation

12/67 (17.9 %)

136/927 (14.7 %)

0.47

  β-blockers

19/67 (28.4 %)

187/927 (20.2 %)

0.11

  ACEIs

7/67 (10.4 %)

58/927 (6.3 %)

0.18

Surgical data

  Type of operation (THA vs. TKA)

28 vs. 39

500 vs. 427

0.05

  Operative time (min)

112.1 ± 42.7

98.5 ± 38.4

< 0.01*

  Anesthesia time (min)

172.8 ± 45.7

159.1 ± 42.3

0.01*

  Intraoperative blood loss (ml)

308.4 ± 78.7

292.1 ± 83.6

0.11

  Blood transfusion

7/67 (10.4 %)

60/927 (6.5 %)

0.21

Postoperative complications

  Surgical site infection

13/67 (19.4 %)

36/927 (3.9 %)

< 0.01*

  Hematoma

2/67 (3.0 %)

25/927 (2.7 %)

0.89

  Deep vein thrombosis

5/67 (7.5 %)

41/927 (4.4 %)

0.25

  Dislocation

1/67 (1.5 %)

10/927 (1.1 %)

0.76

  Periprosthetic fracture

1/67 (1.5 %)

3/927 (0.3 %)

0.14