Fig. 2

A BMSC proliferation and B EPC proliferation cultured with Con, eTi, and hTi scaffolds at 1, 3, and 5 days. C The schematic diagram of the cell-loaded hydrogel incorporated scaffolds. D BMSC and/or EPC proliferation cultured within hTi scaffolds at 1, 3, and 5 days. E Calcein AM/PI staining of live cells (green) and dead cells (red) of BMSC/hTi, EPC/hTi, and Dual/hTi groups. F Quantitative analysis of cell survival rate (**p < 0.01, compared with the Day 1; ^#p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.01 compared with the Day 3)