Prevalence and incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in secondary industries of 21st century Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Overall prevalence of WMSDs per anatomical region

Anatomical location	Mean (%) with 95% CI	Median (%)	Range (%)	SD (%)	I² (%)
Back	60 [49;70]	66	38–72	13	83
Shoulder/Neck	54 [31;74]	51	19–83	27	96
Neck	51 [40;62]	51	32–69	15	86
Shoulder	50 [37;63]	51	23–78	18	91
Lower back	47 [33;61]	47	24–71	20	93
Wrist/Hand	42 [31;54]	44	14–64	16	90
Knee	33 [24;43]	34	21–46	11	76
Leg	29 [18;43]	23	16–56	16	89
Upper back	22 [13;37]	28	6–37	12	90
Elbow	21 [18;24]	21	15–30	4	5
Ankle/Feet	17 [12;23]	15	13–24	6	36
Hip	11 [7;18]	9	8–22	7	63

ISSN: 1471-2474