Associations of overweight, obesity and osteoporosis with ankle fractures

Table 2 Ankle fracture Danis-Weber Type A compared to Type B or C

Characteristics	Danis-Weber classification (D-W)
Characteristics	D-W A (n = 17)	D-W B or C (n = 91)	P-value
Age
Age, mean (SD¹)	57.0 (9.1)	57.5 (10.2)
≥ 65, n (%)	8 (47.1)	70 (76.9)	0.79
Sex
Male, n (%)	7 (41.2)	26 (28.6)	0.45
Female, n (%)	10 (58.8)	65 (71.4)
Bone Mineral Density^b (DXA^c)
Osteoporosis^d, n (%)	8 (47.1)	17 (18.7)	0.03
Osteopenia^e, n (%)	6 (35.3)	35 (38.5)
Normal BMD^f, n (%)	3 (17.6)	39 (42.8)
Height, weight, BMI^g
Weight, kg, mean (SD)	75.7 (14.1)	83.1 (17.5)	0.13
Height, cm, mean (SD)	170.0 (7.6)	168.5 (8.5)	0.42
BMI ≥ 25, n (%)	9 (52.9)	70 (76.9)	0.02
Smoking
Smoking, current n (%)	4 (23.5)	17 (18.7)	0.65
Smoking, previous, n (%)	7 (41.2)	32 (35.2)
Smoking, never, n (%)	6 (35.3)	42 (46.1)
IPAQ-score^h
Highⁱ, n (%)	4 (23.5)	12 (13.2)	0.39
Moderate^j, n (%)	9 (52.9)	60 (66.0)
Low^k, n (%)	4 (23.5)	19 (20.1)
Low energy trauma^l, n (%)	12 (70.6)	65 (71.4)	1.0
25-(OH) vitamin D^m, mean (SD)	69.7 (22.2)	69.2 (23.3)	0.56
Polypharmacy (≥3)ⁿ, n (%)	3 (17.6)	22 (24.2)	0.76

^aStandard deviation, ^bBone Mineral Density, ^cDual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the hips and spine, lowest measured T-score used, ^d T-score ≤ −2,5 ^eT-score − 1.0 - -2.5, ^fT-score ≥ −1.0, ^gBody mass index, kg/m², ¹³Defined as daily use of ≥3 prescribed medications, ^hThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire, ⁱphysical activity equal to approximately one hour of moderate intensity activity per day or more, ^jphysical activity equal to approximately half an hour of moderate intensity activity on most days, ^kphysical activity lower than moderate IPAQ-score, ^lequivalent to fall from standing height or lower, ^m25-(OH) vitamin D as measured in nmol/L, ⁿdaily use of three or more prescribed medications
P-values by chi square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical data and two-sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data, as appropriate

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