Table 3 Gait analysis equipment and conditions

 Hak, et al. (2013) [14]

CAREN (Motek Medical BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands)

12 motion capture cameras (120 Hz; Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Lower body Plug-in-Gait

16

4-min treadmill walk

Not specified

Not specified

 Kao, et al. (2014) [27]

Instrumented treadmill (1200 Hz; Bertec Corp., Colombus, OH, USA)

8 motion capture cameras (120 Hz; Motion Analysis Corporation, Santa Rosa, CA, USA)

Full-body (Not specified)

46

Three 1-min treadmill walks at 60, 80 and 100% of preferred walking speed and fastest attainable speed.

1.0 (0.3)

Not specified

 Hak, et al. (2015) [23]

CAREN (Motek Medical BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands)

12 motion capture cameras (Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Lower body Plug-in-Gait

16

Six 2-min walks at different percentages of self-selected comfortable walking pace instructing them to adapt my increasing either stride frequency of stride length

Not specified

Not specified

 van Meulen, et al. (2016) [20]

Xsens ForceShoes™ (Xsens Technologies B.V., Enschede, The Netherlands) customised with ultrasound sensors

n/a

n/a

Two Timed Up & Go walks at self-selected speeds

0.78 (0.25)

n/a

 van Meulen, et al. (2016) [19]

Xsens ForceShoes™ (Xsens Technologies B.V., Enschede, The Netherlands) customised with ultrasound sensors

n/a

n/a

Two 10 m walks at a self-selected speed

0.78 (0.22)

n/a

 Vistamehr, et al. (2016) [26]

Instrumented treadmill (1200 Hz; Techmachine, Andrezieux Boutheon, France)

12 motion capture cameras (100 Hz; Vicon, Los Angeles, USA)

Not specified

Not specified

Multiple 30-s treadmill walks at self-selected speed

0.74 (0.27)

Not specified

 Punt, et al. (2017) [24]

Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab (GRAIL) (Motekforce Link B.V., NL)

10 motion capture cameras (Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Human Body

47

60 consecutive strides of treadmill walking at 0.41 m/s

0.41

Not specified

 Tisserand, et al. (2018) [25]

10 m walkway

12 motion capture cameras (100 Hz; Oqus 7+, Qualisys Sweden)

Plug-in Gait model

35

Treadmill walking at a self-selected speed

0.93 (0.43)

Not specified

 Curtze, et al. (2011) [33]

Irregular walkway: 8 × 1.5 m custom walkway with triangular prisms under a 3 mm thick carpet.

Control walkway: flat laboratory walkway

8 motion capture cameras (100 Hz; Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Full-body Plug-In-Gait

35

4 walks on a flat walkway at a self-selected speed

1.17 (0.13)

n/a

 Gates, et al. (2013) [32]

Flat laboratory walkway and 4.2 m × 1.2 m rock surface.

Unspecified number of motion capture cameras (120 Hz; Motion Analysis, CA, USA)

6DOF

55

4 walks at 4 different speeds scaled leg length

Not specified

n/a

 Hak, et al. (2013) [31]

Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN, Motek Medical BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands)

12 motion capture cameras (120 Hz; Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Lower body Plug-in-Gait

16

4-min treadmill walk at self-selected pace

Not specified

Not specified

 Beltran, et al. (2014) [30]

CAREN (Motek Medical BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands)

24 motion capture cameras (60 Hz; Vicon, Oxford, UK)

6DOF

57

5-min treadmill walk at speed relative to leg length

Not specified

Not specified

 Hak, et al. (2014) [28]

CAREN (Motek Medical BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands)

12 motion capture cameras (Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Lower body Plug-in-Gait

16

3.5-min treadmill walk and self-selected speed

1.22 (0.22)

Not specified

 Hof, et al. (2007) [34]

Instrumented treadmill (Entred, Bonte, Zwolle, The Netherlands)

n/a

n/a

2-min walks at each of 3 speeds Normalised to 0.75 m/s, 1 m/s, 1.25 m/s for a leg length of 1.0 m)

Not specified

Not specified

 Major, et al. (2013) [3]

10 m level walkway with 6 embedded force plates (960 Hz; AMTI, MA, USA)

Unspecified number of motion capture cameras (120 Hz; Motion Analysis, CA, USA)

Lower body Helen Hayes model + right and left acromion process and right and left lateral humeral epicondyle

21

Three walks at 3 different self-selected speeds

Not specified

n/a

 Brandt, et al. (2019) [29]

Instrumented treadmill (1000 Hz; Bertec Corp., Colombus, OH, USA)

12 motion capture cameras (100 Hz; Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Not specified

39

Three 1.5-min treadmill walks at self-selected speed

0.73 (0.12)

Not specified

 Major, et al. (2019) [35]

Walkway with embedded force plates (960 Hz; AMTI, Watertown, MA, USA)

Unspecified number of motion capture cameras (120 Hz; Motion Analysis Corp., Santa Rosa, CA)

Lower body Helen Hayes model + right and left wrist joint, left and right 5th metatarsal, right and left acromion process and right and left lateral humeral epicondyle

26

Five walking trials at self-selected speeds under 3 conditions; (1) without prosthesis, (2) with their own prosthesis and (3) with a mock prosthesis that could have its length, mass and inertial properties altered.

1.2 (0.01)

Not specified

 Day, et al. (2012) [38]

Split-belt instrumented treadmill (Tecmachine Inc., Cedex, France)

12 motion capture cameras (100 Hz; Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Plug-In-Gait

Not specified

30-s walks at self-selected speed

0.23 (0.12)

Not specified

 Arora, et al. (2019) [13]

10 m walkway with an embedded slip device and force plates (2000 Hz; Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc., Watertown, MA).

8 motion capture cameras (100 Hz; Vicon Nexus, Vicon Motion Systems, Centennial, CO)

Not specified

63

3 walks at a self-selected speed

0.68 (0.32)

Not specified

 Peebles, et al. (2016) [12]

25 ft. (7.62 m) walkway

8 motion capture cameras (60 Hz; Motion Analysis, CA, USA)

Not specified

12

1 walk at self-selected “preferred”, “slow” and “fast” speeds

Not specified

n/a

 Peebles, et al. (2017) [39]

Treadmill (unspecified)

Unspecified number of motion capture cameras (60 Hz; Motion Analysis Inc., CA, USA)

Not specified

12

3-min walk at self-selected comfortable speed

Non-fallers: 0.73 (0.23)

Fallers: 0.51 (0.30)

Not specified

 Stegemöller, et al. (2012) [37]

9 m walkway

8 motion capture cameras (120 Hz; Vicon, Los Angeles, USA)

Plug-in-Gait

39

5 walks at a self-selected comfortable speed

Not specified

n/a

 Catalá, et al. (2016) [36]

12 m walkway

12 motion capture cameras (120 Hz; Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Not specified

21

Walk at 1.3 m/s

1.3

n/a

 Martelli, et al. (2017) [11]

Instrumented treadmill (Bertec Instrumented Treadmill) surround by an “Active Tethered Assistive Pelvic Device” to apply perturbations.

10 motion capture cameras (200 Hz; Vicon Bonita, Oxford, UK)

Not specified

55

5-min walk at a self-selected speed

0.89 (0.12)

Treadmill speed was added to the vCoM_AP

 McCrum, et al. (2014) [18]

Treadmill (pulsar 4.0, h/o/ cosmos, Nussdorf-Traunstein, Germany)

8 motion capture cameras (120 Hz; Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Full-body kinematic

26

3–4 min of treadmill walking at 1.4 m/s

1.4 m/s

Treadmill speed was added to the vCoM_AP

 Hoogkamer, et al. (2015) [44]

6 m walkway and treadmill (1000 Hz; custom built instrumented treadmill, Forcelink, Culemborg, The Netherlands) walking at 1.0 m/s

Unspecified number of motion capture cameras (100 Hz; Vicon Nexus, Oxford Metrics, Oxford, UK)

n/a

1 cluster at the pelvis

3 walking trials and 3-min treadmill walk

Walkway: 1.12 (0.12); Treadmill: 1.0

Not specified

 Rijken, et al. (2015) [40]

10 m walkway

6 motion capture cameras (100 Hz; Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Full body Plug-in-Gait

Not specified

3 walks at a self-selected speed

Mildly affected: 1.24; Moderately affected: 0.82

n/a

 Ghomian, et al. (2017) [43]

10 m walkway

6 motion capture cameras (100 Hz; Qualisys Track Manager, Sweden)

Plug-in Gait model

44

1 walking trial for each shoe condition at a self-selected speed

Not specified

n/a

 Simon, et al. (2017) [42]

8 m walkway

10 motion capture cameras (120 Hz; Motion Analysis Inc., CA, USA)

Not specified

43

3 walks at a self-selected speed

1.1 (0.1)

n/a

 van Vugt, et al. (2019) [41]

10 m walkway

8 motion capture cameras (100 Hz; Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Cleveland Clinic

35

Minimum of 3 walks at self-selected speed

0.95 (0.28)

n/a

 de Jong, et al. (2020) [45]

GRAIL (Motekforce Link B.V., NL)

8 motion capture cameras (100 Hz; Vicon, Oxford, UK)

Not specified

12

2-min walk at a self-selected speed

SCI: 0.93 (0.33)

Stroke: 0.73 (0.29)

Other: 0.91 (0.29)

Not specified