Table 3 Demographics, and clinical presentation according to triradiate cartilage fractures (n = 109)

Age (mean ± SD)

6.9 ± 4.2

16.4 ± 1.6

0.001

Males %

40 (71.4%)

46 (86.8%)

0.04

Mechanism of injury %

Motor vehicle crashes

16 (28.6%)

41 (77.4%)

0.001 for all

Fall

9 (16.1%)

5 (9.4%)

Pedestrian

25 (44.6%)

1 (1.9%)

Others

6 (10.7%)

6 (11.3%)

Associated injuries %

Chest

22 (39.3%)

26 (49.1%)

0.30

Spine

4 (7.1%)

22 (41.5%)

0.001

Abdomen

16 (28.6%)

24 (45.3%)

0.07

Head

8 (14.3%)

18 (34.0%)

0.01

Lower extremity

7 (12.5%)

13 (24.5%)

0.10

Injury Severity Score (mean ± SD)

12.8 ± 9.9

19.3 ± 11.6

0.002

Revised Trauma Score (mean ± SD)

7.6 ± 0.9

7.2 ± 1.3

0.06

Pelvis abbreviated injury score (mean ± SD)

2.1 ± 0.4

2.4 ± 0.7

0.03

Torode fracture classification %

Type I

1 (1.8%)

2 (4.8%)

0.27 for all

Type II

10 (17.9%)

4 (9.5%)

Type III

41 (73.2%)

29 (69.0%)

Type IV

4 (7.1%)

7 (16.7%)

Acetabular fracture %

0 (0.0%)

9 (17.0%)

0.001

Management %

Conservative management

49 (87.5%)

38 (71.7%)

0.04

Surgical intervention

7 (12.5%)

15 (28.3%)

Intubation %

8 (14.3%)

14 (26.4%)

0.11

Positive FAST scan %

4 (7.5%)

8 (17.0%)

0.14

Number of blood units (median and range)

2 (1–12)

4 (1–51)

0.06

Blood transfusion %

15 (26.8%)

28 (52.8%)

0.005

Massive blood transfusion %

2 (3.6%)

5 (9.4%)

0.21

In-hospital complications %

Pneumonia

0 (0.0%)

6 (11.3%)

0.10

Sepsis

0 (0.0%)

2 (3.8%)

0.14

ARDS

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.9%)

0.30

Acute Kidney Injury

1 (1.8%)

3 (5.7%)

0.28

Ventilatory days (median and range)

2 (1–10)

9 (1–31)

0.03

ICU length of stay (median and range)

2.5 (1–15)

7 (2–35)

0.005

Hospital length of stay (median and range)

6 (1–76)

14 (1–85)

0.001

Mortality %

1 (1.8%)

2 (3.8%)

0.52