Table 1 Demographic and surgical data
| Â | Perforated ulcer group | Control group | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
 F | 8 (62) | 16 (62) |  |
 M | 5 (38) | 10 (38) |  |
Age (y) | 71.8 ± 5.4 | 71.8 ± 5.8 |  |
BMI | 26.89 ± 3.80 | 26.12 ± 3.09 |  |
Index spine surgery | |||
 Surgical time (min) | 251.7 ± 83.1 | 242.4 ± 78.8 |  |
 Blood loss (ml) | 855.4 ± 701.3 | 333.1 ± 170.3 | <  0.05 |
Biochemical testing | |||
 Amylase (U/L) | 431.9 ± 678.6 |  |  |
 Lipase (U/L) | 163 ± 233.1 |  |  |
Past history | |||
 Peptic ulcer | 3 (23) | 1 (4) | < 0.05 |
 Steroid use | 1 (8) | 0 (0) |  |
 Smoking | 4 (31) | 2 (8) |  |
 Hypertension | 7 (54) | 12 (46) |  |
 Diabetes mellitus | 3 (23) | 6 (23) |  |
 End stage renal disease | 2 (15) | 2 (8) |  |
Postoperative S/S | |||
 Sudden abdominal pain | 13 (100) | 0 (0) |  |
 Abdominal fullness | 6 (46) | 4 (15) |  |
 Muscle guarding | 6 (46) | 0 (0) |  |
Images for PPU | |||
 Radiography | 6 (46) |  |  |
 Abdominal CT | 7 (54) |  |  |
 POD of PPU diagnosis | 3.6 ± 2.3 |  |  |
  ≤ 3 days | 10 (77) |  |  |
  > 3 days | 3 (23) |  |  |
Site of perforation | |||
 Stomach | 7 (54) |  |  |
 Duodenum | 6 (46) |  |  |
General surgery | |||
 Omental patch repair | 10 (77) |  |  |
 Subtotal gastrectomy or antrectomy | 3 (23) |  |  |