Table 1 Descriptive data in the healthy control group showing normal ranges for each ultrasound domain in each muscle examined, presented as median, interquartile range, minimum and maximum values

Fascial Thickness (mm)

 Deltoid

0.76(0.66–0.84)0.50–0.92

0.72(0.64–0.76)0.48–0.90

0.123

 Vastus Lateralis

0.80(0.68–0.92)0.64 -1.00

0.86(0.70–0.93)0.50-1.00

0.627

 Tibialis Anterior

0.59(0.50–0.70)0.48–0.72

0.61(0.56–0.71)0.52–0.72

0.477

 Flexor Digitorum Profundus

0.54(0.48–0.63)0.42–0.70

0.59(0.52–0.64)0.46–0.68

0.329

 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

0.60(0.56–0.64)0.36–0.74

0.55(0.48–0.72)0.37–0.80

0.451

Muscle Bulk (mm)

 Deltoid

19.80(14.40–22.20)9.40–27.3

17.30(15.88–19.35)11.4–27.1

0.354

 Vastus Lateralis

20.15(17.20–2150)13.2–25.3

17.60(14.28–22.65)13.1–24.4

0.377

 Flexor Digitorum Profundus

10.55(9.20–11.30)8.30–15.2

12.60(9.28–14.90)8.00-17.1

0.252

Shear Wave Speed (m/s)

 Deltoid (rest)

2.31(1.94–2.55)1.58–2.83

2.14(1.79–2.47)1.36–2.85

0.652

 Deltoid (Stretch)

2.80(2.37–3.24)1.65–4.68

2.47(2.18–2.63)1.72–2.97

0.333

 Vastus Lateralis (Rest)

1.70(1.63–1.75)1.59–3.34

1.74(1.57–1.97)1.34–2.08

0.747

 Vastus Lateralis (Stretch)

1.79(1.70–1.97)1.47–3.08

1.90(1.81–2.04)1.62–2.43

0.270

Echogenicity (1–4)

P value^b (comparing medians)

 Deltoid

1(1,1)1–3 

1 (1,1)1–3

0.553

 Vastus Lateralis

1(1, 1)1–2 

1(1–2)1–3

0.451

 Flexor digitorum profundus

1(1,1) 1–1 

1 (1,1) 1–2

0.533

 Flexor carpi ulnaris

1(1–1)1–1

1 (1,1) 1-1

0.747

 Tibialis anterior

1(1–1)1–2 

1 (1,2)1–2

0.331

Power Doppler (0–4)

P value ^b (comparing medians)

 Deltoid

0 (0–1) 0–2 

0 (0,0) 0–2

0.134

 Vastus Lateralis

1 (0,1) 0–1 

1(0–1) 0–2

0.949

 Flexor Digitorum Profundus

0 (0,1) 0–2 

1(0–1) 0–2

0.477

 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

1 (0,1) 0–3 

1(0–1) 0–4

0.533

 Tibialis Anterior

1 (0,1) 0–1 

1(0–1) 0–2

0.252