Fig. 4

Anteroposterior radiograph of a 7.3-year-old boy with Crawford type II CPT (Case 3) (a). He underwent additional bone grafting and prolonged external fixation due to delayed union after initial combined surgery (b). However, refracture occurred 1 month after removal of Ilizarov fixator. He received cast immobilization and removal of broken nails at local medical center (c, d). In our institute, double TENs insertion and external fixation were applied (e). The fracture healed 5 months later and the external fixator was removed (f). Clinical and radiological appearance shows a well-aligned lower limb and sound union of the pseudarthrosis site (g, h)