Do psychological factors affect outcomes in musculoskeletal shoulder disorders? A systematic review

Table 5 Classification of studies based on the relationship between modifiable psychological constructs and outcome. Relationship between constructs and outcome is further classified based on clinical intervention, time from onset, and quality of study (high/ moderate) in each cell. Bold font indicates high quality studies. The term predictive refers to statistically significant effects observed in the studies

	Predicting outcome	1.Self efficacy / Coping	2. Expectation of recovery	3. Catastrophizing	4. Avoidant Coping Style	5. Depression	6. Anxiety / Worry/ Fear
Conservative
Number of studies that psychological factors found to:
Predicting outcome		1	3	2	3	4	2
Not predicting outcome		1	3	3	3	8	5
Subacute	Yes				High: [44]
Subacute	No			High: [50] Moderate: [42]	High: [50] Moderate: [42]	High: [50] Moderate: [39, 42]	Moderate: [42, 44]
Chronic	Yes		High: [43]	High: [51]	High: [51]	High: [51] Moderate: [38]	High: [37, 51]
Chronic	No	High: [36]				High: [36, 43]	Moderate: [38]
Not specified / mixed	Yes	High: [34]	High: [34, 45]	High: [46]	Moderate: [48]	High: [40, 49]
Not specified / mixed	No		High: [35, 47] Moderate: [33]	Moderate: [41]	Moderate: [41]	High: [4, 35, 47]	High: [4, 47]
Surgery
Number of studies that psychological factors found to:
Predicting outcome			2	5	4	9	6
Not predicting outcome					1	6	3
Subacute	Yes				High: [60]
Subacute	No					High: [60]
Chronic	Yes		High: [65] Moderate: [59]			Moderate: [52, 63, 64]	Moderate: [52, 63, 64]
Chronic	No					High: [58]	High: [58]
Not specified / mixed	Yes			High: [56, 57] Moderate: [55, 68, 69]	High: [56, 57] Moderate: [70]	High: [54, 56, 62] Moderate: [53, 68, 69]	High: [56, 62] Moderate: [68]
Not specified / mixed	No				Moderate: [55]	Moderate: [61, 66, 67, 71]	Moderate: [53, 71]

ISSN: 1471-2474